Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 18

Devanagari script

एवं शप्त्वा च तं शक्रं ततोऽहिल्यामुवाच सः । कोपसंरक्तनेत्रस्तु भर्त्सयित्वा मुहुर्मुहुः

Transliteration

evaṃ śaptvā ca taṃ śakraṃ tato'hilyāmuvāca saḥ | kopasaṃraktanetrastu bhartsayitvā muhurmuhuḥ

Translation

Demikian setelah mengutuk Śakra (Indra), ia lalu menegur Ahalyā; dengan mata memerah oleh amarah, ia berulang kali mencela dan memarahinya.

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषणम्/adverb): ‘एवं/thus’

• शप्त्वा: having cursed
• शप्त्वा: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (Prior action/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शप् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), शप्-धातोः: ‘having cursed’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चयबोधक/conjunction)

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karman (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन

• शक्रम्: Indra (Śakra)
• शक्रम्: Karman (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (काल/क्रमवाचक adverb): ‘then/from there’

• अहिल्याम्: Ahalyā
• अहिल्याम्: Karman (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहिल्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• उवाच: said/spoke
• उवाच: Kriyā (Main action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन

• कोपसंरक्तनेत्रः: whose eyes were reddened with anger
• कोपसंरक्तनेत्रः: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier of subject/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कोप (प्रातिपदिक) + संरक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + नेत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी/तत्पुरुष-समासः (कोपेन संरक्तानि नेत्राणि यस्य)

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (विरोध/विशेषार्थक particle)

• भर्त्सयित्वा: having rebuked
• भर्त्सयित्वा: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (Prior action/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भर्त्स् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), भर्त्स्-धातोः: ‘having scolded/rebuked’

• मुहुः: again
• मुहुः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मुहुः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (पुनरावृत्तिवाचक adverb): ‘again’

• मुहुः: again
• मुहुः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मुहुः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (पुनरावृत्तिवाचक adverb), पुनरुक्ति: ‘again and again’

Speaker

Narrator (Purāṇic storyteller; reporting Gautama’s actions)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Gautama (or the offended ṛṣi) stands in ascetic fury, eyes reddened, having cursed Śakra; he turns to Ahalyā and rebukes her repeatedly; forest-āśrama setting with sacrificial implements and hermitage huts.

Characters & Entities

• Gautama
• Śakra (Indra)
• Ahalyā

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Dharma narratives hold all parties accountable; correction and censure are portrayed as instruments to restore moral order.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

Not specified in this verse; it continues the moral backstory used within the tīrtha-oriented chapter.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None.