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Skanda Purana — Avanti Khanda, Shloka 20

विप्रा उदङ्मुखाः कार्याः स्वयं वै दक्षिणामुखः । दर्भेषु निक्षिपेदन्नमित्युच्चार्य द्विजाग्रतः

viprā udaṅmukhāḥ kāryāḥ svayaṃ vai dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ | darbheṣu nikṣipedannamityuccārya dvijāgrataḥ

Para Brāhmaṇa hendaknya didudukkan menghadap utara, sedangkan pelaku upacara sendiri menghadap selatan. Di hadapan para dvija, ia meletakkan makanan di atas rumput darbha sambil mengucap, “Aku menempatkan makanan ini.”

विप्राःBrāhmaṇas
विप्राः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)
उदङ्मुखाःfacing north
उदङ्मुखाः:
Karta (Subject-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootउदक्/उदङ् (उत्तर-दिक्) + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); बहुव्रीहिः ‘येषां मुखं उदङ् (उत्तर) तेषे’
कार्याःshould be arranged/made
कार्याः:
Kriya (Predicative obligation)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) → कार्य (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); कर्तव्यता-बोधक (gerundive: ‘to be made/arranged’)
स्वयम्oneself
स्वयम्:
Karta (Agent-emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb), आत्मनः-प्रयोग (oneself)
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक/सम्बोधनार्थक अव्यय (emphatic particle)
दक्षिणामुखःfacing south
दक्षिणामुखः:
Karta (Subject/agent)
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिणा (दक्षिण-दिक्) + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); बहुव्रीहिः ‘यस्य मुखं दक्षिणा तस्य’
दर्भेषुon/among darbha grass
दर्भेषु:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootदर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन (Plural)
निक्षिपेत्should place
निक्षिपेत्:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनि + क्षिप् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (Quotation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/वाक्य-समाप्ति-बोधक अव्यय (quotative particle)
उच्चार्यhaving uttered/recited
उच्चार्य:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (Prior action)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउद् + चर् (धातु) → उच्चार्य (क्त्वान्त)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया (having uttered)
द्विजाग्रतःin front of the Brāhmaṇas
द्विजाग्रतः:
Adhikarana (Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootद्विज + अग्रतस् (अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb), स्थान-बोधक (in front of)

Vyāsa (in dialogue with Yudhiṣṭhira) [deduced]

Tirtha: Revā-tīrtha (general)

Type: ghat

Listener: Yudhiṣṭhira

Scene: A formal śrāddha tableau: Brāhmaṇas seated on darbha mats facing the river’s northern line; the yajamāna sits opposite facing south; a strip of darbha holds the placed food; the moment of utterance is captured with raised right hand and focused gaze.

V
Vipra (Brāhmaṇas)
D
Darbha

FAQs

Ritual efficacy in śrāddha depends on disciplined observance of prescribed forms and sacred orientation.

The Revā/Narmadā tīrtha milieu, where these śrāddha rites are taught.

Directional seating (vipras north-facing, performer south-facing) and placing food on darbha with a formal utterance.