Rig Veda 8.36.4 — Mandala 8, Sukta 36, Mantra 4

Sukta 8.36

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) / or associated with Śyāvāśva in the immediate hymn-cycle context (RV 8.36–8.37); exact attribution varies by Anukramaṇī for these verses

Devata: Indra (with Maruts as accompanying powers in the epithet marutvān)

Chandas: Jagatī (probable for RV 8.36.4; refrain-like structure with extended cadence)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

जनिता दिवो जनिता पृथिव्याः पिबा सोमं मदाय कं शतक्रतो । यं ते भागमधारयन्विश्वाः सेहानः पृतना उरु ज्रयः समप्सुजिन्मरुत्वाँ इन्द्र सत्पते ॥

Transliteration

janitā divó janitā pṛthivyā́ḥ píbā sómaṃ mádāya káṃ śatakrato | yáṃ te bhāgám adhārayan víśvāḥ sehānáḥ pṛ́tanā urú jráyaḥ sám apsu-jín marútvān indra sat-pate ||

Translation

Wahai Indra, penguasa seratus daya (Śatakratu), jadilah pengada langit luhur dan bumi yang luas; minumlah Soma untuk ekstase (mada) yang meluaskan keberadaan. Bagian kenikmatan yang telah ditetapkan bagimu oleh segala pertempuran yang berjuang—maju terus dengan daya kemenangan yang besar; menangkanlah bahkan di perairan terdalam (apsu), wahai Indra, tuan kebenaran (satpati), bersama para Marut.

Word by Word

• जनिता: begetter, progenitor
• जनिता: Kartā (apposition/epithet of Indra)
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: जन् (√jan)

• दिवः: of heaven, of the sky
• दिवः: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of heaven’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (prātipadika: दिव्/द्यौ)

• जनिता: begetter
• जनिता: Kartā (apposition/epithet of Indra)
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: जन् (√jan)

• पृथिव्याः: of the earth
• पृथिव्याः: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of earth’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (prātipadika)

• पिब: drink!
• पिब: (predicate; addressed to Indra)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पा (√pā ‘to drink’)

• सोमम्: Soma (the pressed drink)
• सोमम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (prātipadika)

• मदाय: for exhilaration
• मदाय: Sampradāna/Purpose (dative of purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (prātipadika ‘intoxication, exhilaration’)

• कम्: indeed/which? (enclitic particle)
• कम्: (discourse particle; with vocative)
• Type: Pronoun/particle
• Root: क (interrog./indef. pronominal stem)

• शतक्रतो: O hundred-powered/ hundred-willed one (Indra)
• शतक्रतो: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: शत-क्रतु (prātipadika, bahuvrīhi epithet)

• यम्: whom/which (that)
• यम्: Karma (object of ‘placed/assigned’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun stem)

• ते: of you, your
• ते: Sambandha (genitive: ‘thy’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (2nd pers. pronoun stem)

• भागम्: share, portion
• भागम्: Karma (object of ‘placed/assigned’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाग (prātipadika)

• अधारयन्: they placed/assigned
• अधारयन्: (predicate; subject = ‘all’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृ (√dhṛ ‘to hold, place’ with preverb अधि-)

• विश्वाः: all (of them)
• विश्वाः: Kartā (subject of अधारयन्)
• Type: Adjective/Substantive
• Root: विश्व (prātipadika)

• सेहानः: prevailing, conquering
• सेहानः: Kartā (apposition to Indra)
• Type: Participle
• Root: सह् (√sah ‘to prevail, conquer/endure’)

• पृतनाः: battles, hostile hosts
• पृतनाः: Karma (object of ‘overcome/prevail over’ implied with सेहानः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृतना (prātipadika ‘battle, host’)

• उरु: widely, far and wide; broad
• उरु: Viśeṣaṇa (adverbial qualifier)
• Type: Adjective (indeclinable in form)
• Root: उरु (prātipadika)

• ज्रयः: rush/onslaught, attack
• ज्रयः: Karma (what is ‘won/overcome’ or ‘driven’ in battle-context)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्रय (prātipadika; Vedic ‘onset/attack, rush’)

• समप्सुजित्: conqueror in/at the waters (or: winning together with the waters)
• समप्सुजित्: Kartā (apposition to Indra)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: सम्-अप्-सु-जित् (compound; √जि ‘to conquer’)

• मरुत्वान्: accompanied by the Maruts
• मरुत्वान्: Kartā (apposition to Indra)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: मरुत्वन्त् (prātipadika ‘possessing the Maruts’)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (prātipadika)

• सत्पते: O lord of the good/true (good lord)
• सत्पते: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: सत्-पति (prātipadika; ‘lord of the good/true’)