Rig Veda 7.86.1 — Mandala 7, Sukta 86, Mantra 1

Sukta 7.86

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional for RV 7.86)

Devata: Varuṇa (with cosmic-sovereign framing; hymn is Varuṇa-centered)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

धीरा त्वस्य महिना जनूंषि वि यस्तस्तम्भ रोदसी चिदुर्वी । प्र नाकमृष्वं नुनुदे बृहन्तं द्विता नक्षत्रं पप्रथच्च भूम ॥

Transliteration

dhīrā́ tv asya mahinā́ janū́ṃṣi ví yas tastámbha ródasī cid urvī́ | prá nā́kam ṛṣváṃ nunude bṛhántam dvitā́ nákṣatraṃ papráthat ca bhū́ma ||

Translation

Oleh kebesaran Dia Yang Esa, daya-daya wawasan yang teguh dibangunkan—Dia yang menegakkan bahkan dua dunia yang luas. Ia mendorong ke depan langit yang tinggi dan maha-lapang; Ia membentangkan singgasana ganda bintang-bintang dan landasan bumi—menetapkan keluasan yang tertata, tempat kesadaran dapat bertumbuh.

Word by Word

• धीराḥ: the wise (seers)
• धीराḥ: कर्तृ (of the implied ‘are/know’ etc.; subject of the descriptive clause)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: धीरा- (प्रातिपदिक; धीर < √धृ/√धी ‘to hold/think’, ‘steady, wise’)

• त्वा: you
• त्वा: कर्म (object of an implied verb like ‘know/recognize/praise’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्- (2nd person pronoun stem)

• अस्य: of him/this (one)
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of him/this one’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्- (pronominal stem)

• महिना: by (his) greatness/might
• महिना: करण (instrumental: ‘by/through (his) might’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महिन्-/महिमा- (प्रातिपदिक ‘greatness, might’)

• जनूंषि: the two knees
• जनूंषि: कर्म (object with √तभ्/स्तम्भ ‘to prop’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनु- (प्रातिपदिक ‘knee’; dual ‘knees’)

• वि: apart, asunder; widely
• वि: — (preverb modifying the verb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (upasarga/particle)

• यः: who
• यः: कर्तृ (subject of तस्तम्भ)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्- (relative pronoun)

• तस्तम्भ: propped up / made firm
• तस्तम्भ: कर्तृ-क्रिया (finite verb of the relative clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्तम्भ् (स्तम्भ्) ‘to prop, support, make firm’

• रोदसी: the two worlds (heaven and earth)
• रोदसी: कर्म (what is propped up)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोदसी- (प्रातिपदिक ‘the two worlds: heaven & earth’)

• चित्: indeed, even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (particle)

• उर्वी: the broad (one), the wide expanse
• उर्वी: विशेषण/सम्बन्ध (descriptive epithet)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: उर्वी- (प्रातिपदिक ‘broad, wide (earth)’)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: — (preverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga/particle)

• नाकम्: heaven, the firmament
• नाकम्: कर्म (object of नुनुदे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाक- (प्रातिपदिक ‘heaven, firmament’)

• ऋष्वम्: lofty
• ऋष्वम्: विशेषण (qualifier of the object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋष्व- (प्रातिपदिक ‘lofty, high’)

• नु: now; indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (particle)

• नुनुदे: has thrust/pushed (forth)
• नुनुदे: कर्तृ-क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नुद् ‘to push, thrust, drive’

• बृहन्तम्: the great (one/expanse)
• बृहन्तम्: कर्म (co-object/appositive with नाकम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहन्त्- (प्रातिपदिक ‘great, lofty’)

• द्विता: in two ways; doubly; as a pair
• द्विता: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: द्विता (adverb from द्वि ‘two’)

• नक्षत्रम्: the starry (realm); a constellation
• नक्षत्रम्: कर्म (object of पप्रथत्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नक्षत्र- (प्रातिपदिक ‘star; constellation’)

• पप्रथत्: has spread out / extended
• पप्रथत्: कर्तृ-क्रिया (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √प्रथ् ‘to spread, extend, become wide’

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (conjunction)

• भूम: the earth/ground; the expanse
• भूम: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमन्-/भूमि- (Vedic form; ‘earth/ground/space’)