Rig Veda 5.43.13 — Mandala 5, Sukta 43, Mantra 13

Sukta 5.43

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (attribution for RV 5.43 generally)

Devata: Dharṇasi (as a supporting power; verse also evokes plant-powers and feminine energies)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ धर्णसिर्बृहद्दिवो रराणो विश्वेभिर्गन्त्वोमभिर्हुवानः । ग्ना वसान ओषधीरमृध्रस्त्रिधातुशृङ्गो वृषभो वयोधाः ॥

Transliteration

ā́ dharṇasír bṛháddivo rárāṇo víśvebhir gantv ómabhir huvānáḥ | gnā́ vásāna óṣadhī́r amṛ́dhras tridhā́tuśṛṅgo vṛṣabhó vayodhā́ḥ ||

Translation

Biarlah Dharṇasi, bersukacita dari langit yang luas, datang ketika dipanggil dengan segala seruan peneguh. Mengenakan para dewi, tumbuh-tumbuhan obat, tanpa cela—bertanduk tiga, seekor banteng penopang daya-hidup—semoga ia tiba.

Word by Word

• आ: hither, towards; (prefix) to/unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga) अथवा आ (avyaya)

• धर्णसिः: the strong one; bearer/impeller (epithet)
• धर्णसिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्णसि- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘धारण/धर्षण-शक्ति’)

• बृहत्: great, lofty
• बृहत्: Viśeṣaṇa (of दिवः) / Adhikaraṇa-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृह् (वृद्धौ) → बृहत् (विशेषण)

• दिवः: of heaven, of the sky
• दिवः: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ- (प्रातिपदिक: द्यौ ‘heaven’)

• रराणः: rejoicing, delighting
• रराणः: Kartā (with implied subject = addressed deity)
• Type: Participle
• Root: रम् (रमँ क्रीडायाम्/तुष्टौ) → रराण (कृदन्त)

• विश्वेभिः: with all (of them)
• विश्वेभिः: Karaṇa/Sahakārī
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व- (सर्व)

• गन्त्वोमभिः: with the goings/approaches and with the sacred calls (om-like invocations)
• गन्त्वोमभिः: Karaṇa/Sahakārī
• Type: Compound Noun
• Root: गन्त्व- (गम् ‘to go’ से; ‘going, goer’) + ओम- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘उच्चारण/ओम्-सम्बद्ध स्तुति/आह्वान’ RV)

• हुवानः: invoking, calling
• हुवानः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: ह्वे (ह्वयति ‘to call, invoke’) → हुवान (कृदन्त)

• ग्नाः: the divine women; ladies (goddesses)
• ग्नाः: Kartā (or सहकर्ता) संदर्भानुसार
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्ना- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘देवी/स्त्री, divine women’)

• वसानः: wearing, clothed
• वसानः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: वस् (वसँ आच्छादने ‘to clothe’) → वसान (कृदन्त)

• ओषधीः: plants, herbs
• ओषधीः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओषधि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमृध्रः: unharming, unobstructed, uninjured
• अमृध्रः: Viśeṣaṇa (of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ- + मृध्र- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘harm/hostility/obstruction’)

• त्रिधातुशृङ्गः: three-layered/threefold-horned
• त्रिधातुशृङ्गः: Viśeṣaṇa (of वृषभः)
• Type: Compound Adjective/Noun
• Root: त्रि- + धातु- + शृङ्ग- (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृषभः: bull (strong one)
• वृषभः: Kartā (मुख्य उपमेय/उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ- (प्रातिपदिक)

• वयोधाः: bestower/holder of vigor (life-strength)
• वयोधाः: Viśeṣaṇa (of वृषभः/subject)
• Type: Compound Noun/Adjective
• Root: वयस्- (strength/vitality) + धा (धा धारणे ‘to place/hold’) → -धाः (धारक)