Rig Veda 4.4.3: Mandala 4, Sukta 4, Mantra 3

Sukta 4.4

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (attributed for RV 4.4)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रति स्पशो वि सृज तूर्णितमो भवा पायुर्विशो अस्या अदब्धः । यो नो दूरे अघशंसो यो अन्त्यग्ने माकिष्टे व्यथिरा दधर्षीत् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.4.3

Transliteration

práti spáśo ví sṛja tūrṇí-tamo bhávā pāyúr viśó asyā́ ádabdhaḥ | yó no dūrḗ aghá-śaṃso yó ánti agne mā́kiṣ te vyathír ā́ dadharṣīt ||

Translation

Lepaskan para pengintai melawan (musuh); jadilah yang tercepat, pelindung yang tak pernah gagal bagi umat ini. Entah si pengharap celaka itu jauh atau dekat, wahai Agni, jangan biarkan kesusahan apa pun menimpa kami.

Ask anything about this verse...Ask

Word by Word

• प्रति: towards, against
• प्रति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (upasarga/avyaya)

• स्पशः: spies, watchers
• स्पशः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्पश् (प्रातिपदिक spáś- ‘spy, watcher’)

• वि: apart, forth
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (upasarga/avyaya)

• सृज: release, send forth
• सृज: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: सृज्

• तूर्णितमः: most swift
• तूर्णितमः: Kartā (with भवा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तूर्णि (प्रातिपदिक) → तूर्णितम (superlative)

• भवा: become, be
• भवा: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू

• पायुः: protector, guardian
• पायुः: Kartā (apposition to ‘you/Agni’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पा (√पा ‘protect’) / प्रातिपदिक pāyú- ‘protector, guard’

• विशः: of the people/clan
• विशः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation with पायुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश् (प्रातिपदिक víś- ‘clan, settlement, people’)

• अस्याः: of this (woman/this one)
• अस्याः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अदब्धः: unharmed, unbeguiled, unassailable
• अदब्धः: Kartā (apposition to Agni)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दभ् (√दभ् ‘deceive, harm’) + a- (neg.) → अदब्ध

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā (of implied verb ‘is/acts’ in relative clause)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• नः: of us, our
• नः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (enclitic pronoun)

• दूरे: far away
• दूरे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adverb (frozen case-form)
• Root: दूर (prātipadika)

• अघशंसः: evil-speaking one, slanderer
• अघशंसः: Kartā (of implied hostile agent) / or apposition to ‘who’
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अघ (evil) + शंस (praise/report) → अघशंस (prātipadika)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• अन्ति: near
• अन्ति: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्ति (indeclinable)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: अग्नि (prātipadika)

• मा: do not
• मा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (prohibitive particle)

• किष्टे: anyone at all
• किष्टे: —
• Type: Indeclinable (pronominal particle)
• Root: किम् (interrog./indef.) + चित् → किश्चित्; Vedic contraction: किष्टे

• व्यथिराः: trembling ones, assailants (lit. ‘shaking’)
• व्यथिराः: Kartā (of दधर्षीत्)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / participial adjective
• Root: व्यथ् (√व्यथ् ‘waver, be disturbed’) → व्यथिर (adj.)

• दधर्षीत्: has dared/assailed, attacked
• दधर्षीत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृष् (√धृष् ‘dare, assail, overpower’)