Rig Veda 3.1.7: Mandala 3, Sukta 1, Mantra 7

Sukta 3.1

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3.1)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स्तीर्णा अस्य संहतो विश्वरूपा घृतस्य योनौ स्रवथे मधूनाम् । अस्थुरत्र धेनवः पिन्वमाना मही दस्मस्य मातरा समीची ॥

Transliteration

stīrṇā́ asya saṃható viśvarū́pā ghṛtásya yónau sraváthe mádhūnām | ásthur átra dhenávaḥ pínvamānā mahī́ dasmásya mā́tarā samīcī́ ||

Translation

Terhampar baginya kekuatan-kekuatan beraneka rupa yang berhimpun; dalam rahim ghṛta (cahaya/mentega suci yang dimurnikan) mengalir manisnya madu. Di sini berdiri aliran-aliran pemelihara, mengembang oleh pertambahan—dua Ibu Agung sang Pekerja-Ajaib, bergerak seirama.

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Word by Word

• स्तीर्णाः: spread out, strewn
• स्तीर्णाः: Kartā (with implied ‘are’ describing the subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √स्तॄ (स्तरणे) / स्तीर्ण (PPP)

• अस्य: of him/it
• अस्य: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of him/it’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• संहतः: compacted, joined together
• संहतः: Viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of an implied masculine subject, e.g., अग्निः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-√हन् (हनने) / संहत (PPP)

• विश्व-रूपाः: of all forms, manifold
• विश्व-रूपाः: Kartā (co-referential with ‘स्तीर्णाः’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व + रूप (समास-प्रातिपदिक)

• घृतस्य: of ghee, clarified butter
• घृतस्य: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of ghee’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: घृत (प्रातिपदिक)

• योनौ: in the womb/source/receptacle
• योनौ: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: योनि (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्रवथे: in the flowing/streaming (place/state of flow)
• स्रवथे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: √स्रु (स्रवणे) / स्रवथ (नाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मधूनाम्: of sweet juices, of honeyed (liquids)
• मधूनाम्: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of honeys/sweet juices’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्थुः: they stood/they have taken their stand
• अस्थुः: Kriyā (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (तिष्ठति) — Vedic aorist form

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)

• धेनवः: milch-cows (cows)
• धेनवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु (प्रातिपदिक)

• पिन्वमानाः: being made to swell, being stimulated/impelled (to give milk)
• पिन्वमानाः: Kartā (with धेनवः; participle describing the subject)
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: √पिव्/पि (प्रीणने/पिन्वने) — पिन्वमान (शतृ/शानच्-प्रत्यय, आत्मनेपद)

• मही: great, mighty
• मही: Viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of ‘मातरा’ as a dual pair conceived as a great one/majestic)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मही (प्रातिपदिक)

• दस्मस्य: of the wondrous/skillful one (Agni)
• दस्मस्य: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of the wondrous one’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: दस्म (प्रातिपदिक; epithet)

• मातरा: the two mothers
• मातरा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातर् (प्रातिपदिक)

• समीची: facing/coming together, united, meeting
• समीची: Viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of ‘मातरा’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समीचि (प्रातिपदिक)