Rig Veda 10.5.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 5, Mantra 4

Sukta 10.5

Rishi: Dīrghatamas Āucathya (traditional)

Devata: R̥ta / Rodasī (Heaven-Earth) as field of R̥ta

Chandas: Jagatī (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ऋतस्य हि वर्तनयः सुजातमिषो वाजाय प्रदिवः सचन्ते । अधीवासं रोदसी वावसाने घृतैरन्नैर्वावृधाते मधूनाम् ॥

Transliteration

ṛtásya hí vartanáyaḥ su-jātám íṣo vājā́ya prá-divaḥ sácante | adhīvāsáṃ rodasī vāvásāne ghṛtáiḥ ánnair vāvṛdhāte mádhūnām ||

Translation

Jalan-jalan Ṛta memang berpaut pada yang terlahir baik; dorongan-dorongan (iṣaḥ) menyertai menuju kepenuhan daya (vāja) dari langit yang mendahului. Dua dunia (rodasī), mengenakan selubungnya, bertumbuh oleh ghee yang disucikan dan oleh santapan kenikmatan, oleh kemanisan-kemanisan.

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Word by Word

• ऋतस्य: of ṛta (cosmic order/truth)
• ऋतस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ (गतौ/ऋणोति) → ‘ऋत’ (स्थापित-नियम/सत्य)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• वर्तनयः: paths/courses
• वर्तनयः: कर्तृ (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्तन (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृत् (वर्तने) ‘turning/track’

• सुजातम्: well-born, nobly produced
• सुजातम्: कर्म (object, as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle used adjectivally)
• Root: सु-जात (कृदन्त/विशेषण) < √जन् (जनने) + उपसर्ग ‘सु’

• मिषः: nourishment, refreshment
• मिषः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: मिष्/मिष (प्रातिपदिक) ‘refreshment, food, nourishment’

• वाजाय: for (the gaining of) strength/prize
• वाजाय: सम्प्रदान (purpose/recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिक) ‘prize, strength, (esp.) food/booty’

• प्रदिवः: of the fore/heavenly expanse
• प्रदिवः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र-दिव् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘fore-heaven, highest heaven’ (प्र + दिव्) अथवा ‘प्रदिव’

• सचन्ते: they accompany/attach themselves
• सचन्ते: क्रिया (with कर्तृ = वर्तनयः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सच् (समवाये/अनुगमने) ‘to accompany, to join’

• अधीवासम्: the dwelling/abode
• अधीवासम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधि-वास (प्रातिपदिक) ‘dwelling, abode; putting on/covering’ < √वस् (निवासे/आच्छादने) with अधि

• रोदसी: Heaven and Earth
• रोदसी: कर्म (as the pair affected/concerned)
• Type: Noun (dual fixed pair)
• Root: रोदसी (द्विवचन-प्रातिपदिक) ‘Heaven-and-Earth’

• वावसाने: shining/abiding (the two)
• वावसाने: विशेषण (qualifier)
• Type: Participle (present/active, Vedic) used adjectivally
• Root: √वस् (दीप्तौ/निवासे) with intensive/reduplicated stem वावस्; participial form

• घृतैः: with ghee
• घृतैः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: घृत (प्रातिपदिक) ‘ghee, clarified butter’

• अन्नैः: with foods
• अन्नैः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न (प्रातिपदिक) ‘food’

• वावृधाते: the two grow/increase
• वावृधाते: क्रिया (कर्तृ = रोदसी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृध् (वर्धने) with intensive/reduplicated stem वावृध्

• मधूनाम्: of sweet drinks/honeys
• मधूनाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘sweetness; honey; soma-sweet drink’