Rig Veda 1.39.1 — Mandala 1, Sukta 39, Mantra 1

Sukta 1.39

Rishi: Kaṇva (Kāṇva lineage; traditional attribution)

Devata: Maruts

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; needs verse-scan confirmation)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र यदित्था परावतः शोचिर्न मानमस्यथ । कस्य क्रत्वा मरुतः कस्य वर्पसा कं याथ कं ह धूतयः ॥

Transliteration

prá yád itthā̀ parāvátaḥ śócīr ná mānám ásyatha | kásya krátvā marutaḥ kásya várpasā káṃ yātha káṃ ha dhūtayaḥ ||

Translation

Tatkala kamu menerjang demikian dari ruang-ruang yang jauh, laksana nyala api, kamu menggerakkan daya-perkasa; oleh kehendak siapa, wahai Marut, oleh wujud bercahaya siapa kamu melaju? siapa yang kamu cari, wahai para pengguncang dunia?

Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• यदि: if
• यदि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि

• इत्था: thus, in this way
• इत्था: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत्था

• परावतः: from afar, from a distant place
• परावतः: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: परावत् (prātipadika)

• शोचिः: flame, blaze, radiance
• शोचिः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोचिस् (prātipadika)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• मानम्: measure; (by extension) standard, magnitude
• मानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान (prātipadika)

• अस्यथ: you throw, cast, hurl
• अस्यथ: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्/अस्य (dhātu: अस्यति)

• कस्य: of whom? of which?
• कस्य: —
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (interrogative pronominal stem)

• क्रत्वा: by what resolve/power/plan?
• क्रत्वा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रतु (prātipadika)

• मरुतः: O Maruts
• मरुतः: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत् (prātipadika)

• कस्य: of whom? of which?
• कस्य: —
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (interrogative pronominal stem)

• वर्पसा: by what form/beauty/splendour?
• वर्पसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्पस् (prātipadika)

• कम्: whom? which (one)?
• कम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (interrogative pronominal stem)

• याथ: you go
• याथ: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (dhātu)

• कम्: whom? which (one)?
• कम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (interrogative pronominal stem)

• ह: indeed, surely
• ह: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह

• धूतयः: O shakers/stirrers (epithet of the Maruts)
• धूतयः: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धूति (prātipadika)