Shloka 40

त्रिशिरा-प्रबोधनम् तथा नरान्तक-वधः

Trisira’s Counsel and the Slaying of Naranthaka

Devanagari script

हरयोपिमहात्मानोददृशुर्नेरृतम् ।।।।हस्त्यश्वरथसम्बाधंकिङ्किणीशतनादितम् ।नीलजीमूतसङ्काशंसमुद्यतमहायुधम् ।।।।दीप्तानलरविप्रख्यैस्सर्वतोनैरृतैर्वृतम् ।

Transliteration

harayo 'pi mahātmāno dadṛśur nairṛtam | hastyaśvarathasambādhaṃ kiṅkiṇīśatanāditam | nīlajīmūtasaṅkāśaṃ samudyatamahāyudham | dīptānalaraviprakhyaiḥ sarvato nairṛtair vṛtam ||

Translation

Para pahlawan vānara yang berhati luhur pun melihat bala nairṛta (rākṣasa)—padat oleh gajah, kuda, dan kereta; bergemuruh oleh bunyi ratusan lonceng; laksana gumpalan awan hujan yang gelap, mengangkat senjata-senjata raksasa, dan di segala arah dikepung rākṣasa yang menyala bagaikan api dan matahari.

Word by Word

• harayaḥ: the vanaras
• harayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)

• api: also
• api: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• mahātmānaḥ: great-souled ones
• mahātmānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)

• dadṛśuḥ: saw
• dadṛśuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada

• nairṛtam: the rākṣasa host
• nairṛtam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nairṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग; collective), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन)

• hastyaśvaratha-sambādham: crowded with elephants, horses, and chariots
• hastyaśvaratha-sambādham: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hasti (प्रातिपदिक) + aśva (प्रातिपदिक) + ratha (प्रातिपदिक) + sambādha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन); agrees with nairṛtam; 'crowded with elephants, horses, and chariots'

• kiṅkiṇīśata-nāditam: resounding with hundreds of bells
• kiṅkiṇīśata-nāditam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kiṅkiṇī (प्रातिपदिक) + śata (प्रातिपदिक) + nādita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन); 'resounding with hundreds of bells'

• nīlajīmūta-saṅkāśam: like dark clouds
• nīlajīmūta-saṅkāśam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nīla (प्रातिपदिक) + jīmūta (प्रातिपदिक) + saṅkāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन); 'like dark clouds'

• samudyata-mahāyudham: with huge weapons raised
• samudyata-mahāyudham: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam+ud+yata (प्रातिपदिक) + mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + āyudha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन); 'with great weapons raised/ready'

• dīptānala-ravi-prakhyaiḥ: by those like blazing fire and sun
• dīptānala-ravi-prakhyaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dīpta (प्रातिपदिक) + anala (प्रातिपदिक) + ravi (प्रातिपदिक) + prakhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa; Instrumental (तृतीया) Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine; 'by/with those resembling blazing fire and sun'

• sarvataḥ: on all sides
• sarvataḥ: Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देश-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sarvataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• nairṛtaiḥ: by rākṣasas
• nairṛtaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nairṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) Plural (बहुवचन)

• vṛtam: surrounded
• vṛtam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vṛ (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta (past passive participle, क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन); agrees with nairṛtam; 'surrounded'

Context

The huge monkeys also saw groups of elephants, horses and chariots and heard hundreds of bells of the chariots and Rakshasas all over like groups of dark clouds with huge weapons glowing like fire and Sun surrounded by Rakshasa army.

Characters & Entities

• Vānaras
• Rākṣasas
• Elephants
• Horses
• Chariots

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma demands steadiness in the face of intimidating power; the righteous side must not abandon truth due to fear of overwhelming force.

What is the narrative situation?

The vānara forces observe the full scale and terrifying splendour of the approaching rākṣasa army and its war-gear.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage under pressure—maintaining resolve when confronted with a massive, fearsome enemy.