Shloka 10

Devanagari script

परंविषादमापन्नोविललापाकुलेन्द्रियः ।भ्रातरंनिहतंदृष्टवालक्ष्मणंरणपांसुषु ।।।।

Transliteration

paraṃ viṣādam āpanno vilalāpa ākulendriyaḥ | bhrātaraṃ nihataṃ dṛṣṭvā lakṣmaṇaṃ raṇapāṃsuṣu ||

Translation

Saat melihat saudaranya, Lakṣmaṇa, tergeletak di debu medan perang, Rāma diliputi duka yang amat dalam; inderanya terguncang, dan ia meratap dengan suara lantang.

Word by Word

• param: great
• param: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of viṣādam

• viṣādam: despair/sorrow
• viṣādam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viṣāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• āpannaḥ: having fallen into/overcome by
• āpannaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + pad (धातु) → āpanna (PPP)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicative participle (having fallen into)

• vilalāpa: lamented
• vilalāpa: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + lap (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ lakāra (perfect), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; parasmaipada

• ākulendriyaḥ: with agitated senses
• ākulendriyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ākula + indriya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya (ākulāni indriyāṇi yasya) qualifying the subject (Rāma)

• bhrātaram: brother
• bhrātaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• nihatam: slain/struck down
• nihatam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ni + han (धातु) → nihata (PPP)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; qualifies bhrātaram

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा)

• lakṣmaṇam: Lakṣmaṇa
• lakṣmaṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; apposition to bhrātaram

• raṇapāṃsuṣu: in the dust of the battlefield
• raṇapāṃsuṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: raṇa + pāṃsu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī, Bahuvacana; tatpuruṣa (raṇasya pāṃsuṣu)

Context

Seeing the wounded brother Lakshmana in the battlefield, the very sad Rama lost control over his senses and grieved.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• battlefield (raṇa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes truthful human feeling: Rama’s grief is not weakness but fidelity to relationship and responsibility—recognizing the moral weight of a brother’s sacrifice.

What is the narrative situation?

Immediately after Lakṣmaṇa is struck and lies in the battle-dust, Rama breaks into open lament.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Fraternal devotion (bhrātṛ-bhakti) and moral sensitivity.