Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 59

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

विहीनां पतिपुत्राभ्यां कौसल्यां पार्थिवात्मजः।एवमाश्वासयन्नेव दुःखार्तो निपपात ह।।।।

Transliteration

vihīnāṃ pati-putrābhyāṃ kausalyāṃ pārthivātmajaḥ | evam āśvāsayann eva duḥkhārto nipapāta ha ||

Translation

Demikianlah, sambil menghibur Kausalya yang kehilangan suami dan putra, Pangeran Bharata—dihimpit duka—tersungkur di kaki beliau.

Word by Word

• विहीनाम्: deprived
• विहीनाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-ही (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (kausalyām)

• पतिपुत्राभ्याम्: of husband and son
• पतिपुत्राभ्याम्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति + पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; अपादान/वियोगहेतु-करण (deprivation 'by/through absence of')

• कौसल्याम्: Kausalya
• कौसल्याम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौसल्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• पार्थिवात्मजः: the king's son
• पार्थिवात्मजः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थिव + आत्मज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (पार्थिवस्य आत्मजः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• एवम्: thus/in this way
• एवम्: Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण

• आश्वासयन्: comforting
• आश्वासयन्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-श्वस् (धातु) + णिच् + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: णिजन्त-धातु (causative) वर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तरि

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण-निपात

• दुःखार्तः: distressed with grief
• दुःखार्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःख + आर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (pārthivātmajaḥ)

• निपपात: fell down
• निपपात: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-पत् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ह: indeed (narrative particle)
• ह: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; स्मरण/वृत्तान्तसूचक-निपात (particle)

Context

While thus appeasing Kausalya deprived of her husband and son, Bharata, filled with grief, fell down at her feet.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kausalya
• Dasharatha (implied by 'pati')
• Rama (implied by 'putra')

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is expressed as reverence and service to elders and mothers; Bharata’s physical act of falling at Kausalya’s feet reflects humility, respect, and filial responsibility amid crisis.

What is the narrative situation?

After speaking words of consolation and condemnation of the exile’s authorizer, Bharata is overcome by grief and collapses at Kausalya’s feet.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s humility and devotion to family-dharma: he honors Kausalya’s suffering and responds with respectful, self-effacing grief.