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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 73, Shloka 1

भरतस्य कैकेय्याः प्रति धिक्कारः

Bharata’s Rebuke of Kaikeyi and Affirmation of Ikshvaku Royal Dharma

सश्रूत्वा तु पितरं वृत्तं भ्रातरौ च विवासितौ।भरतो दुःखसन्तप्त इदं वचनमब्रवीत्।।।।

sa śrutvā tu pitaraṃ vṛttaṃ bhrātarau ca vivāsitau | bharato duḥkha-santapta idaṃ vacanam abravīt || 2.73.1 ||

Setelah mendengar bahwa ayahnya telah wafat dan kedua saudaranya diasingkan, Bharata yang terbakar oleh duka mengucapkan kata-kata ini.

saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPumliṅga, Prathama, Ekavacana; pronoun referring to Bharata
śrutvāhaving heard
śrutvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śru (श्रु)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वान्त), avyaya; ‘having heard’
tuthen/indeed
tu:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात)
pitaramfather
pitaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPumliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
vṛttam(as) having passed away / occurred
vṛttam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootvṛtta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √vṛt वृत् + kta)
FormNapumsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; ‘happened/occurred’; here in sense ‘(that he had) passed away’ qualifying pitaram (semantic)
bhrātarauthe two brothers
bhrātarau:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPumliṅga, Dvitīyā (2/द्वितीया), Dvivacana (द्विवचन)
caand
ca:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
vivāsitauexiled
vivāsitau:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-√vas (वस्) causative?; vivāsita (कृदन्त; क्त)
FormPumliṅga, Dvitīyā, Dvivacana; past participle ‘banished/exiled’ qualifying bhrātarau
bharataḥBharata
bharataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbharata (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPumliṅga, Prathama, Ekavacana
duḥkha-santaptaḥtormented by grief
duḥkha-santaptaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + santapta (कृदन्त; sam-√tap तप् + kta)
FormPumliṅga, Prathama, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: duḥkhena santaptaḥ (tormented by sorrow)
idamthis
idam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; demonstrative qualifying vacanam
vacanamspeech/words
vacanam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvacana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
abravītsaid
abravīt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√brū (ब्रू)
FormLaṅ (लङ्), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; parasmaipada

On hearing about the demise of the father and his two brothers sent in exile, Bharata overtaken by sorrow spoke thus:

B
Bharata
D
Daśaratha (father, implied)
R
Rāma (implied as brother in exile)
L
Lakṣmaṇa (implied as brother in exile)

FAQs

Dharma here is the immediate moral awakening to familial and royal responsibility: hearing of injustice (exile) and loss (death), Bharata is moved to respond, not remain indifferent.

Bharata receives the shocking news: Daśaratha has died and Rāma (with Lakṣmaṇa) has been exiled; this sets the stage for Bharata’s ensuing speech.

Compassionate integrity—Bharata’s grief signals love and moral seriousness, anticipating his refusal to benefit from wrongdoing.