Previous Verse
Next Verse

Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 67, Shloka 4

अयोध्यायां शोक-रात्रिः तथा अराजक-राष्ट्रस्य नीतिविचारः

The Night of Lamentation in Ayodhya and the Political Ethics of a Kingless Realm

मार्कण्डेयोऽथ मौद्गल्यो वामदेवश्च काश्यपः।कात्यायनो गौतमश्च जाबालिश्च महायशाः।।2.67.3।।एते द्विजा स्सहामात्यैः पृथग्वा च मुदीरयन्।वसिष्ठमेवाभिमुखाः श्रेष्ठं राजपुरोहितम्।।2.67.4।।

mārkaṇḍeyo 'tha maudgalyo vāmadevaś ca kāśyapaḥ | kātyāyano gautamaś ca jābāliś ca mahāyaśāḥ ||

ete dvijāḥ sahāmātyaiḥ pṛthag vā ca mudīrayan | vasiṣṭham evābhimukhāḥ śreṣṭhaṃ rājapurohitam ||

Kemudian Mārkaṇḍeya, Maudgalya, Vāmadeva, Kāśyapa, Kātyāyana, Gautama, dan Jābāli yang termasyhur—para dvija brahmana ini, bersama para menteri atau masing-masing—menghadap Vasiṣṭha, purohita kerajaan yang utama, dan menyampaikan pendapat mereka.

atītāpassed
atītā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootati-√i (धातु)
FormBhūta-kāla kṛdanta; Kta-pratyaya (past passive participle/क्त), Strīliṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of śarvarī
śarvarīnight
śarvarī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśarvarī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
duḥkhamsorrowful
duḥkham:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa (predicate adjective) of śarvarī (by sense)
which/that
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; relative pronoun referring to śarvarī
naḥfor us/our
naḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī vibhakti (Genitive/षष्ठी), Bahuvacana; sarvanāma (pronoun)
varṣa-śata-upamālike a hundred years
varṣa-śata-upamā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvarṣa + śata + upamā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: varṣaśatasya upamā (like a hundred years)
asminin this
asmin:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootidam (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī vibhakti (Locative/सप्तमी), Ekavacana; sarvanāma used with pārthive
pañcatvamdeath (dissolution)
pañcatvam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpañcatva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; 'state of being five' i.e., death (dissolution into five elements)
āpannehaving attained
āpanne:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootā-√pad (धातु)
FormBhūta-kāla kṛdanta; Kta (past passive participle), Puṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; locative absolute with asmin pārthive: 'when the king had attained...'
putra-śokenaby grief for (his) son
putra-śokena:
Hetu (हेतु/cause)
TypeNoun
Rootputra + śoka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: putrasya śokaḥ (grief for the son)
pārthivein/when the king
pārthive:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpārthiva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; locative absolute base with asmin...āpanne

Markandeya, Maudgalya, Kasyapa, Katyayana, Gautama, Jabali of great renown accompanied by ministers and brahmins approached Vasistha, the chief priest of the king and expressed different opinions (on the investiture).

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
V
Vāmadeva
K
Kāśyapa
K
Kātyāyana
G
Gautama
J
Jābāli
V
Vasiṣṭha
A
amātya (ministers)

FAQs

Dharma is approached through deliberation: qualified elders and ministers consult the chief preceptor, showing that righteous action in statecraft should arise from counsel, not impulse.

A council of eminent brahmins and ministers gathers and approaches Vasiṣṭha to present views connected with governance and succession in Ayodhya.

Wisdom through consultation—respect for learned authority (guru/purohita) and collective reasoning in moments of political uncertainty.