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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 111, Shloka 26

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकादशोत्तरशततमः सर्गः

Sarga 111: Counsel on Gurus, Parental Debt, and Bharata’s Protest

यदित्ववश्यं वस्तव्यं कर्तव्यं च पितुर्वचः।अहमेव निवत्स्यामि चतुर्दश समा वने।।।।

yadi tv avaśyaṃ vastavyaṃ kartavyaṃ ca pitur vacaḥ |aham eva nivatsyāmi caturdaśa samā vane ||

Jika tinggal di hutan memang tak terelakkan dan sabda ayah harus dilaksanakan, maka akulah yang akan menetap di rimba selama empat belas tahun.

यदिif
यदि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, शर्त/सम्भावना (conditional particle ‘if’)
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निपात
अवश्यम्necessarily
अवश्यम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअवश्यम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निश्चयार्थ (certainly/necessarily)
वस्तव्यम्must be dwelt (must stay)
वस्तव्यम्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवस् (धातु)
Formतव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive/obligatory), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘must be lived (i.e., one must dwell)’
कर्तव्यम्must be done
कर्तव्यम्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formतव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘must be done’
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय
पितुःof father
पितुः:
Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
वचःthe command/word
वचः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अवधारण
निवत्स्यामिI will reside
निवत्स्यामि:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-वस् (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future/भविष्यत्), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
चतुर्दशfourteen
चतुर्दश:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्दशन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् संख्या-विशेषण; द्विगु-समासः (चतुर्दश = 14) used as numeral qualifier of ‘samāḥ’
समाःyears
समाः:
Kāla-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootसम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन (time-extent)
वनेin the forest
वने:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

If it is absolutely essential to live in the forest in accordance with the command of my father, I myself shall also dwell in the forest for fourteen years.

B
Bharata
D
Daśaratha (father)
V
vana (forest)
R
Rama (contextual)

FAQs

Dharma as self-sacrificing fidelity to a vow: Bharata upholds the father’s word by offering to bear the hardship himself.

Bharata proposes an alternative: if exile is required by Daśaratha’s promise, he will undergo it instead of Rama.

Renunciation and brotherly devotion—Bharata rejects comfort and power in favor of moral rectitude.