Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 109, Shloka 11

सत्यधर्मप्रतिपादनम्

Rama’s Defense of Truth and Dharma in Reply to Jabali

Devanagari script

ऋषयश्चैव देवाश्च सत्यमेव हि मेनिरे।सत्यवादी हि लोकेऽस्मिन्परमं गच्छति क्षयम्।।2.109.11।।

Transliteration

ṛṣayaś caiva devāś ca satyam eva hi menire | satyavādī hi loke 'smin paramaṃ gacchati kṣayam ||

Translation

Para ṛṣi dan para dewa pun mengakui kebenaran saja sebagai yang tertinggi. Di dunia ini, orang yang berkata benar mencapai keadaan yang paling luhur.

Word by Word

• ऋषयः: sages
• ऋषयः: कर्ता (agent/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (कर्तरि) ; बहुवचनम् — Masculine; Nominative case; Plural

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction) — coordinating particle “and”

• एव: indeed, only
• एव: अवधारण (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चय/अवधारण-अव्ययम् (emphatic particle) — “indeed/only”

• देवाः: gods
• देवाः: कर्ता (agent/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; बहुवचनम् — Masculine; Nominative; Plural

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction) — “and”

• सत्यम्: truth
• सत्यम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — Neuter; Accusative; Singular

• एव: only
• एव: अवधारण (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्ययम् (emphatic particle) — “only/indeed”

• हि: indeed
• हि: सम्बन्ध/हेतु-निपात (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपातः (particle) — causal/emphatic “indeed/for”

• मेनिरे: considered, deemed
• मेनिरे: क्रिया (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन् (धातु) — आत्मनेपदम्
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (परोक्शभूत/Perfect); प्रथम-पुरुषः; बहुवचनम्; आत्मनेपदम् — Perfect; 3rd person; Plural; Middle voice

• सत्यवादी: a truth-speaker, truthful person
• सत्यवादी: कर्ता (agent/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य + वादिन् (प्रातिपदिक); वादिन्-प्रत्ययान्त (कृदन्त-स्वभाव)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — Masculine; Nominative; Singular

• हि: indeed
• हि: सम्बन्ध/निपात (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपातः (particle) — emphatic “indeed”

• लोके: in the world
• लोके: अधिकरण (location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; सप्तमी-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — Masculine; Locative; Singular

• अस्मिन्: in this
• अस्मिन्: अधिकरण (location) (लोके इति सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे/नपुंसकलिङ्गे; सप्तमी-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — Pronoun; Locative; Singular

• परमम्: highest, supreme
• परमम्: कर्म-विशेषण (object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — Neuter; Accusative; Singular (qualifying ‘kṣayam’)

• गच्छति: goes to, attains
• गच्छति: क्रिया (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकारः (वर्तमानकालः/Present); प्रथम-पुरुषः; एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम् — Present; 3rd person; Singular; Active voice

• क्षयम्: state/abode; end (goal)
• क्षयम्: कर्म (object) (गच्छति इति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — Masculine; Accusative; Singular

Context

Sages and gods all accept truth (as the supreme virtue). A truthful man of this world, attains the highest state (abode).

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Jābāli
• Ṛṣis (sages)
• Devas (gods)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya is affirmed as the highest virtue endorsed by both divine and ascetic authorities, yielding the highest human end.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma supports his stance by citing the consensus of sages and gods regarding the supremacy of truth.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Integrity (truthfulness) as a spiritual and social ideal.