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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 42

The Greatness of the Gaṅgā

Gaṅgāmāhātmya

मकरस्थे रवौ गङ्गा यत्र कुत्रावगाहिता । पुनाति स्नानपानाद्यैर्नयन्तीन्द्रपुरं जगत् ॥ ४२ ॥

makarasthe ravau gaṅgā yatra kutrāvagāhitā | punāti snānapānādyairnayantīndrapuraṃ jagat || 42 ||

Saat Matahari memasuki Makara, Gaṅgā—di mana pun orang berendam di dalamnya—menyucikan dunia melalui kebajikan seperti mandi dan meminum airnya, serta menuntun makhluk menuju kediaman surgawi Indra.

मकर-स्थेwhen (the sun) is in Makara
मकर-स्थे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeAdjective
Rootमकर (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √स्था)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); Tatpuruṣa ‘situated in Capricorn (Makara)’; used with ‘ravau’
रवौin the sun (i.e., when the sun is...)
रवौ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootरवि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
गङ्गाGaṅgā
गङ्गा:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootगङ्गा (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable relative adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय) ‘where’
कुत्रwherever
कुत्र:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुत्र (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable interrogative/indefinite adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय) ‘anywhere/wherever’ (here: ‘wherever’)
अवगाहिताis bathed in / entered for bathing
अवगाहिता:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Condition)
TypeAdjective
Rootअव-√गाह् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); past passive participle (क्त) ‘bathed/immersed’ agreeing with ‘gaṅgā’ (i.e., ‘Gaṅgā (water) when bathed in’)
पुनातिpurifies
पुनाति:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√पू (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
स्नान-पान-आद्यैःby bathing, drinking, etc.
स्नान-पान-आद्यैः:
Karaṇa (करण/Means)
TypeNoun
Rootस्नान (प्रातिपदिक) + पान (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); Dvandva with ‘ādi’ (समाहार-द्वन्द्व) ‘by bathing, drinking, etc.’
नयन्तीleading
नयन्ती:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent—participle qualifying subject)
TypeAdjective
Root√नी (धातु)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); present active participle (शतृ) ‘leading’; agrees with ‘gaṅgā’
इन्द्र-पुरम्Indra’s city (heaven)
इन्द्र-पुरम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object—goal)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक) + पुर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष) ‘Indra’s city’
जगत्the world (people)
जगत्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootजगत् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

Narada (teaching in a tirtha-mahatmya context)

Vrata: Makara-saṅkrānti snāna (seasonal observance; not named as a vrata in the verse)

Primary Rasa: bhakti

Secondary Rasa: shanta

G
Ganga
R
Ravi (Surya)
M
Makara (Capricorn)
I
Indra

FAQs

It teaches that bathing in the Gaṅgā during the Sun’s Makara transit is a powerful purifier (pāvanatva), generating punya through simple sacred acts like immersion and sipping her water, with results described as leading toward Svarga.

Though focused on tirtha-ritual, it supports Bhakti by honoring Gaṅgā as a divine purifier and encouraging faith-filled, dharma-aligned practice; such reverent acts are presented as spiritually elevating and merit-producing.

It reflects Jyotiṣa/astral timing: the merit is linked to a specific solar ingress (Surya in Makara), showing the Narada Purana’s use of calendrical-astrological auspiciousness for ritual efficacy.