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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 19

Prāyaścitta for Mahāpātakas and the Sin-destroying Power of Viṣṇu-smaraṇa

राज्ञैव शिक्षा कर्तव्या इति शास्तेषु निश्चयः । ब्राह्मणीनां वधे त्वर्द्धं पादः स्यात्कन्यकावधे ॥ १९ ॥

rājñaiva śikṣā kartavyā iti śāsteṣu niścayaḥ | brāhmaṇīnāṃ vadhe tvarddhaṃ pādaḥ syātkanyakāvadhe || 19 ||

Kitab-kitab śāstra menetapkan bahwa hukuman harus dijatuhkan hanya oleh raja. Jika membunuh seorang brāhmaṇī, hukumannya berkurang setengah; jika membunuh gadis yang belum menikah, berkurang menjadi seperempat.

राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण/Instrumental), एकवचन
एवindeed/only
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), अव्यय
शिक्षाpunishment/discipline
शिक्षा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशिक्षा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन
कर्तव्याto be done/should be imposed
कर्तव्या:
Vidheyavisheshana (विधेयविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formतव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive/obligatory), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (predicate adjective)
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/इत्यर्थक निपात (quotative particle)
शास्तेषुin the scriptures
शास्तेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), बहुवचन
निश्चयःa determination/decision
निश्चयः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनिश्चय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
ब्राह्मणीनाम्of Brahmin women
ब्राह्मणीनाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन
वधेin the case of killing
वधे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (adversative/contrastive particle)
अर्धम्half
अर्धम्:
Vidheya (विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (here: प्रथमा as predicate)
पादःa quarter (one-fourth)
पादः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपाद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
स्यात्should be/is to be
स्यात्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
कन्यका-वधेin the killing of a maiden
कन्यका-वधे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकन्यका (प्रातिपदिक) + वध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष समास (कन्यकायाः वधः), पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

Narada (instructional dharma discourse context within Narada Purana)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

FAQs

It frames punishment as a dharmic function of kingship (rājadharma), emphasizing that justice must be administered through lawful authority and that śāstra recognizes graded moral gravity requiring proportionate expiation.

Indirectly, it supports bhakti by upholding dharma and social order; in Purāṇic teaching, stable rājadharma protects religious life, enabling worship, vows, and Vaiṣṇava practice to flourish.

It reflects Dharmaśāstra-style applied jurisprudence (nyāya/daṇḍanīti) rather than a specific Vedāṅga; the practical takeaway is the śāstric rule that legal punishment is the king’s mandate and is graded by the offense.