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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 31

Tithi-Nirṇaya for Vratas: Ekādaśī Rules, Saṅkrānti Punya-kāla, Eclipse Observances, and Prāyaścitta

तत्र ग्राह्या सिनीवाली सायाह्नव्यापिनी तिथिः । अर्वाचीनक्षये चचैव सायाह्नव्यापिनी तथा ॥ ३१ ॥

tatra grāhyā sinīvālī sāyāhnavyāpinī tithiḥ | arvācīnakṣaye cacaiva sāyāhnavyāpinī tathā || 31 ||

Dalam hal itu, Amāvāsyā Sinīvālī hendaknya diambil pada tithi yang meresap hingga senja. Demikian pula bila tithi berakhir lebih awal (kṣaya), tetaplah diterima menurut pervasinya sampai senja.

तत्रthere/in that case
तत्र:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Context)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, देश/प्रसङ्गवाचक (locative adverb: there/in that case)
ग्राह्याshould be observed
ग्राह्या:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह् (धातु) → ग्राह्य (कृदन्त)
Formकर्तव्यता-वाचक कृदन्त (gerundive), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘should be taken/observed’
सिनीवालीSinīvālī
सिनीवाली:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसिनीवाली (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
सायाह्नव्यापिनीspanning the evening
सायाह्नव्यापिनी:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसायाह्न + व्यापिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (Tatpurusha: सायाह्नं व्यापिनी = pervading the evening); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of tithi)
तिथिःlunar day (tithi)
तिथिः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
अर्वाचीनक्षयेin the case of later shortening
अर्वाचीनक्षये:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Condition-Context)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्वाचीन + क्षय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (Tatpurusha: अर्वाचीनः क्षयः = later/nearer decrease); पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक (conjunction: and)
also
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक (repeated ‘and/also’; पाठभेद/द्विरुक्ति सम्भव)
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अवधारणार्थक (emphatic particle: indeed/only)
सायाह्नव्यापिनीspanning the evening
सायाह्नव्यापिनी:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसायाह्न + व्यापिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of implied tithi)
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय/अन्वयार्थक (likewise)

Narada (teaching tithi-determination as part of ritual timing)

Vrata: Sinīvālī-Amāvāsyā determination (for śrāddha/Amāvāsyā rites)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

S
Sinivali

FAQs

It teaches that dharma is upheld by correct timing: a vow like Sinīvālī gains its intended merit when observed on the properly prevailing tithi (especially by late-afternoon pervasion).

Bhakti is expressed through disciplined observance; the verse shows that devotion is not only feeling but also careful adherence to vrata-vidhi (rules), aligning worship with sacred time.

Jyotiṣa Vedāṅga: the rule of sāyāhna-vyāpti (tithi pervasion into late afternoon) for deciding which tithi is ‘grāhya’ (authoritative) when a tithi ends earlier than expected.