Shloka 38

Adhyaya 35 — Madālasa’s Instruction on Purity, Impurity, and Corrective Rites (Śauca and Aśauca)

Sanskrit

यस्य चानुदिनं हानिर्गृहे नित्यस्य कर्मणः । यश्च ब्राह्मणसंत्यक्तः किल्विषी स नराधमः ॥

Transliteration

yasya cānudinaṃ hānir gṛhe nityasya karmaṇaḥ / yaś ca brāhmaṇa-santyaktaḥ kilviṣī sa narādhamaḥ

Translation

Dia yang di rumahnya kewajiban-kewajiban harian makin berkurang dari hari ke hari, dan yang ditinggalkan oleh para brāhmaṇa karena tercela—orang berdosa itu adalah yang paling rendah di antara manusia.

Word by Word

• yasya: whose/of whom
• yasya: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; relative pronoun

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• anudinam: daily
• anudinam: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण: time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: anu-dina (अव्ययभाव)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक अव्यय); समास: अनु + दिनम् → 'day by day'

• hāniḥ: loss/neglect
• hāniḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hāni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• gṛhe: in the house
• gṛhe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gṛha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular

• nityasya: of the daily/regular
• nityasya: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nitya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; qualifies karmaṇaḥ

• karmaṇaḥ: of the duty/rite
• karmaṇaḥ: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; relative pronoun

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• brāhmaṇa-santyaktaḥ: abandoned by Brahmins
• brāhmaṇa-santyaktaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: brāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + sam-tyakta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; past passive participle (क्त) of √tyaj (धातु) with upasarga sam-; समास: ब्राह्मणैः संत्यक्तः (instrumental-tatpuruṣa)

• kilviṣī: sinful
• kilviṣī: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kilviṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; possessive adjective (मतुप्/इन्-प्रत्ययान्त): 'having sin'

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; demonstrative pronoun

• nara-adhamaḥ: a lowest of men
• nara-adhamaḥ: Pratijñā (प्रत्यय/nominal predicate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक) + adhama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; कर्मधारय: नरः अधमः (an inferior man)

Speakers

• Dharma-instruction voice within the Purāṇic discourse (didactic narration; not Devi Māhātmya)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Nitya-karma (daily duties)
• Gṛhastha discipline
• Karmic consequence

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Daily duties are portrayed as the backbone of dharmic life; steady neglect erodes both spiritual merit and social trust. Dharma is sustained more by consistency than by occasional intensity.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/ācāra instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Daily rites’ symbolize daily recollection (smṛti) of the sacred. Their decline mirrors the gradual fall of awareness into forgetfulness (pramāda).