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Shloka 10

दमयन्त्याः अरण्यविहारः — Damayantī’s Passage through the Wilderness

स तथा नगराभ्याशे सत्काराहों न सस्कृतः । त्रिरात्रमुषितो राजा जलमात्रेण वर्तयन्‌,इस प्रकार राजा नल अपने नगरके समीप तीन राततक केवल जलमात्रका आहार करके टिके रहे। वे सर्वथा सत्कारके योग्य थे तो भी उनका सत्कार नहीं किया गया

sa tathā nagarābhyāśe satkārārho na saṃskṛtaḥ | trirātram uṣito rājā jalamātreṇa vartayan ||

Demikianlah Raja Nala, meski sepenuhnya layak menerima penghormatan, tinggal dekat kotanya selama tiga malam dengan bertahan hanya pada air; namun ia tidak disambut sebagaimana mestinya.

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
नगर-अभ्याशेnear the city
नगर-अभ्याशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनगर + अभ्याश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सत्कार-अर्हःworthy of honor
सत्कार-अर्हः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्कार + अर्ह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सत्कृतःhonored/received with respect
सत्कृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + कृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (participial)
त्रि-रात्रम्for three nights
त्रि-रात्रम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रि + रात्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उषितःhaving stayed/dwelt
उषितः:
TypeVerb
Rootवस् (उष् as aorist/PPP stem usage in epic)
Formक्त (past active participle/PPP-like usage), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जल-मात्रेणwith only water (as sustenance)
जल-मात्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजल + मात्रा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
वर्तयन्maintaining himself/living on
वर्तयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (causative: वर्तयति)
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Active

बृहृदश्च उवाच

B
Bṛhadaśva
N
Nala
C
city (Nala’s nagara)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the dharmic duty of honoring and offering hospitality to the worthy, and warns that social recognition often follows outward signs of fortune rather than true merit; ethical conduct should not depend on appearances.

In Bṛhadaśva’s narration of Nala’s ordeal, Nala remains near his own city for three nights, living only on water, yet receives no proper welcome or respect despite being deserving—showing the depth of his fallen condition and isolation.