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Shloka 97

युधिष्ठिर बोले--अपने धर्ममें स्थिर रहना ही स्थिरता है, इन्द्रियनिग्रह धैर्य है, मानसिक मलोंका त्याग करना परम स्नान है और प्राणियोंकी रक्षा करना ही दान है ।। यक्ष उवाच कः: पण्डित:ः पुमान्‌ ज्ञेयो नास्तिक: कश्न उच्यते । को मूर्ख: कश्न काम: स्यात्‌ को मत्सर इति स्मृतः,यक्षने पूछा--किस पुरुषको पण्डित समझना चाहिये, नास्तिक कौन कहलाता है? मूर्ख कौन है? काम क्या है? तथा मत्सर किसे कहते हैं?

yakṣa uvāca: kaḥ paṇḍitaḥ pumān jñeyo nāstikaḥ kaś ca ucyate | ko mūrkhaḥ kaś ca kāmaḥ syāt ko matsara iti smṛtaḥ ||

Yaksha bertanya: “Orang seperti apakah yang patut dikenal sebagai benar-benar bijak? Siapa yang disebut tidak beriman? Siapa yang bodoh? Apakah itu hasrat (kāma)? Dan apakah yang dimaksud dengan iri dengki (matsara)?”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
स्वधर्मेin one’s own duty
स्वधर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्थितिःsteadfastness
स्थितिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्थिति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
स्थैर्यम्stability/steadiness
स्थैर्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्थैर्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इन्द्रियनिग्रहःrestraint of the senses
इन्द्रियनिग्रहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रियनिग्रह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धैर्यम्fortitude/patience
धैर्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधैर्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मानसानाम्of the mind/mental
मानसानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमानस
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
मलानाम्of impurities
मलानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमल
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
त्यागःabandoning/renunciation
त्यागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्याग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परमम्supreme
परमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्नानम्bath/purification
स्नानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootस्नान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्राणिनाम्of living beings
प्राणिनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
रक्षाprotection
रक्षा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दानम्gift/charity
दानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यक्षःthe Yakṣa
यक्षः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
कःwho?
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पण्डितःa learned man
पण्डितः:
TypeNoun
Rootपण्डित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुमान्man/person
पुमान्:
TypeNoun
Rootपुमांस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञेयःto be known/considered
ज्ञेयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नास्तिकःatheist/denier
नास्तिकः:
TypeNoun
Rootनास्तिक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कःwho?
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
कःwho?
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मूर्खःa fool
मूर्खः:
TypeNoun
Rootमूर्ख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कःwhat?/who?
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कामःdesire/lust
कामः:
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be/is (as a definition)
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, Third, Singular
कःwho?
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मत्सरःenvy/jealousy
मत्सरः:
TypeNoun
Rootमत्सर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
स्मृतःis regarded/remembered (as)
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)

यक्ष उवाच

Y
Yaksha
Y
Yudhishthira

Educational Q&A

Ethical clarity: the verse frames a moral inquiry into how to identify wisdom and folly, and how to understand inner vices like desire (kāma) and envy (matsara). It emphasizes that true evaluation of a person rests on discernment of character and inner dispositions, not merely external status.

During the Yakṣa–Yudhiṣṭhira dialogue in the forest, the Yakṣa continues his test by asking for definitions of key moral categories—who is truly learned, who is an unbeliever, who is foolish, and what desire and envy are—pressing Yudhiṣṭhira to answer with insight.