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Shloka 35

Araṇi Lost to the Deer: Pāṇḍavas Pursue to Preserve Agnihotra (अरणी-हरण प्रसङ्गः)

अप्रदाता पिता वाच्यो वाच्यश्वानुपयन्‌ पति: । मृते भर्तरि पुत्तश्न वाच्यो मातुररक्षिता,“विवाहके योग्य हो जानेपर कनन्‍्याका दान न करनेवाला पिता निन्दनीय है। ऋतुकालमें पत्नीके साथ समागम न करनेवाला पति निन्दाका पात्र है तथा पतिके मर जानेपर विधवा माताकी रक्षा न करनेवाला पुत्र धिक्‍कारके योग्य है"

aprādātā pitā vācyaḥ vācyaś cānupayan patiḥ | mṛte bhartari putraś ca vācyo mātur arakṣitā ||

Mārkaṇḍeya berkata: “Seorang ayah yang tidak menikahkan putrinya ketika ia telah layak menikah adalah tercela. Seorang suami yang pada musim yang semestinya tidak mendatangi istrinya pun tercela. Dan ketika suami telah wafat, seorang putra yang tidak melindungi ibunya juga patut dicela.”

अप्रदाताnot giving (one who does not give)
अप्रदाता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रदाता (प्रदातृ < √दा)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाच्यःto be censured / blameworthy
वाच्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवाच्य (√वच्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाच्यःto be censured / blameworthy
वाच्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवाच्य (√वच्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनुपयन्not going to / not approaching (esp. sexually approaching)
अनुपयन्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुपयत् (अनु + √इ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पतिःhusband
पतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मृतेwhen (he is) dead
मृते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत (√मृ)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भर्तरिin/when the husband (is dead)
भर्तरि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाच्यःto be censured / blameworthy
वाच्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवाच्य (√वच्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मातुःof (his) mother
मातुः:
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
अरक्षिताnot protecting / one who does not protect
अरक्षिता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअरक्षित (a- + रक्षित < √रक्ष्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya

Educational Q&A

The verse lays out three household (gṛhastha) obligations: a father must arrange a timely marriage for an eligible daughter; a husband must fulfill conjugal duty at the appropriate time; and a son must protect and support his mother after the father’s death. Neglect of these is treated as adharma and socially censurable.

In Mārkaṇḍeya’s discourse, he states normative rules of conduct for family life, using a triad of examples (father–husband–son) to emphasize responsibility toward dependents and the maintenance of social and moral order.