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Shloka 18

धर्मव्याधोपदेशः

Dharma-vyādha’s Instruction on Śiṣṭācāra and Dharma

त्यजे प्राणान्‌ नैव दद्यां कपोतं॑ सौम्यो हायं कि न जानासि श्येन । यथा क्लेशं मा कुरुष्वेह सौम्य नाहं कपोतमर्पयिष्ये कथंचित्‌,मैं अपने प्राण दे दूँगा, किंतु इस कबूतरको नहीं दूँगा। बाज! कया तुम नहीं जानते, यह कितना सुन्दर स्वयं कैसा भोला-भाला है? सौम्य! अब तुम यहाँ व्यर्थ कष्ट न उठाओ। मैं इस कबूतरको किसी तरह तुम्हारे हाथमें नहीं दूँगा

tyaje prāṇān naiva dadyāṃ kapotaṃ, saumyo hāyaṃ kiṃ na jānāsi śyena | yathā kleśaṃ mā kuruṣveha saumya, nāhaṃ kapotam arpayiṣye kathaṃcit ||

“Aku akan menyerahkan nyawaku, tetapi aku tidak akan menyerahkan merpati ini. Wahai Śyena, tidakkah engkau tahu betapa lembut dan tak bersalahnya ia? Orang mulia, janganlah bersusah payah di sini dengan sia-sia; bagaimanapun juga aku tidak akan menyerahkan merpati ini ke tanganmu.”

त्यजेmay I give up / I would give up
त्यजे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormVidhi-linga, Present (injunctive/optative sense), 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्राणान्life-breaths, life
प्राणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, certainly
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
दद्याम्I would give
दद्याम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormVidhi-linga, Present (optative), 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
कपोतम्pigeon, dove
कपोतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकपोत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सौम्यःgentle one (vocative sense in address)
सौम्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसौम्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
indeed, surely (emphatic particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
किम्what?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जानासिyou know
जानासि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormLat, Present, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
श्येनO hawk
श्येन:
TypeNoun
Rootश्येन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यथाas, so that
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
क्लेशम्trouble, distress
क्लेशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्लेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
Formprohibitive particle with imperative
कुरुष्वdo, make
कुरुष्व:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormLot, Imperative, 2, Singular, Atmanepada
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
सौम्यO gentle one
सौम्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootसौम्य
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
कपोतम्the pigeon
कपोतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकपोत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अर्पयिष्येI will hand over / surrender
अर्पयिष्ये:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअर्पय्
FormLrt, Simple future, 1, Singular, Atmanepada
कथंचित्in any way, by any means
कथंचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथंचित्

श्येन उवाच

Ś
Śyena (hawk/falcon)
K
Kapota (dove/pigeon)
P
Prāṇa (life-breath/life)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds dharma as steadfast protection of one who has sought refuge, even at personal cost. The speaker’s vow—preferring death to betrayal—frames compassion and responsibility toward the vulnerable as non-negotiable ethical duties.

In the well-known hawk-and-dove episode, the hawk demands the dove as prey. The speaker refuses categorically, praising the dove’s gentleness and insisting the hawk should not press the demand, declaring that the dove will not be surrendered under any circumstances.