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Shloka 16

धर्मव्याधोपदेशः

Dharma-vyādha’s Instruction on Śiṣṭācāra and Dharma

श्येन उवाच नोक्षाणं राजन्‌ प्रार्थयेयं न चान्य- दस्मान्मांसमधिकं वा कपोतात्‌ | देवैर्दत्त: सोउद्य ममैष भक्ष- स्तन्मे ददस्व शकुनानामभावात्‌,बाज बोला--राजन! मैं आपसे ऋषभकन्द नहीं माँगता और न मुझे इस कबूतरसे अधिक कोई दूसरा मांस ही चाहिये। आज दूसरे पक्षियोंके अभावमें यह कबूतर ही मेरे लिये देवताओंका दिया हुआ भोजन है। अतः यही मेरा आहार होगा। इसे ही मुझे दे दीजिये

śyena uvāca | nokṣāṇaṃ rājan prārthayeyam na cānya-d asmān māṃsam adhikaṃ vā kapotāt | devair dattaḥ so 'dya mama eṣa bhakṣas tan me dadasva śakunānām abhāvāt ||

Sang elang berkata: “Wahai Raja, aku tidak memohon ukṣāṇa, dan aku pun tidak menginginkan daging lain yang lebih besar daripada merpati ini. Hari ini, karena tiada burung lain, merpati inilah santapan yang dianugerahkan para dewa kepadaku. Maka inilah makananku yang sah—berikanlah kepadaku.”

श्येनःthe hawk
श्येनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्येन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उक्षाणम्a bull
उक्षाणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउक्षन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रार्थयेयम्I would ask for / I should request
प्रार्थयेयम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्थ् (प्रार्थयति)
FormOptative, 1st, Singular
nor / not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यत्anything else
अन्यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अस्मात्than this / from this
अस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Ablative, Singular
मांसम्meat
मांसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमांस
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अधिकम्more / greater
अधिकम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअधिक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
कपोतात्than the pigeon
कपोतात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकपोत
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
देवैःby the gods
देवैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
दत्तःgiven
दत्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
सःthat / he (i.e., that one)
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अद्यtoday
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
ममof me / my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
एषःthis
एषः:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भक्षःfood / prey
भक्षः:
TypeNoun
Rootभक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that (thing)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Dative, Singular
ददस्वgive
ददस्व:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular
शकुनानाम्of birds
शकुनानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootशकुन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अभावात्due to absence / from lack
अभावात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअभाव
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular

श्येन उवाच

श्येन (the hawk)
राजन् (the king)
कपोत (the pigeon)
देव (the gods)
उक्षाण (ox/bull, as a proposed substitute)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharmic conflict: the king’s duty to protect the weak (the pigeon seeking refuge) meets the predator’s claim to its natural, divinely allotted sustenance. It highlights that ethical judgment must weigh competing rights and duties rather than a single absolute rule.

A hawk addresses the king, rejecting larger substitutes like an ox and insisting on the pigeon as its rightful prey. The hawk argues that, since no other birds are available, the pigeon is the gods’ provision for its meal and should be handed over.