Shloka 20
Vyavahāra-Śuddhi and Rājadharma: Clean Administration, Counsel, and Proportional Punishment
Chapter 86
अपराधानुरूपं च दण्डं पापेषु धारयेत् । वियोजयेद् धनैर््रद्धानधनानथ बन्धनै:
aparādhānurūpaṃ ca daṇḍaṃ pāpeṣu dhārayet | viyojayet dhanair āḍhyān adhanān atha bandhanaiḥ ||
Hukuman harus dijatuhkan sepadan dengan pelanggaran, terutama pada perbuatan dosa. Bila pelaku kaya, pisahkan ia dari hartanya (melalui denda atau penyitaan); bila ia miskin, kendalikan dengan belenggu—ditahan dalam tahanan atau penjara. Demikianlah keadilan bersifat memperbaiki dan sepadan, bukan sewenang-wenang.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Punishment (daṇḍa) must be proportionate to the offence (aparādha-anurūpa). The ruler should apply suitable penalties: financial deprivation for the wealthy and custodial restraint for the poor, aiming at fair and effective justice.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rāja-dharma, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on how a king should administer justice, specifying practical modes of punishment depending on the offender’s means.