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Shloka 19

Vyavahāra-Śuddhi and Rājadharma: Clean Administration, Counsel, and Proportional Punishment

Chapter 86

बलवानोंके बलात्कार (अत्याचार) से पीड़ित हो अत्यन्त दीनभावसे पुकार मचाते हुए अनाथ मनुष्योंको आश्रय देनेवाला उनका संरक्षक या स्वामी राजा ही होता है ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | tataḥ sākṣibalaṃ sādhu dvedhāvādakṛtaṃ bhavet | asākṣikam anāthaṃ vā parīkṣyaṃ tad viśeṣataḥ ||

Bhishma berkata: “Apabila suatu sengketa diajukan dan kedua pihak mengemukakan keterangan yang saling bertentangan, maka kekuatan kesaksian dipandang sebagai jalan terbaik untuk menetapkan kebenaran; karena itu hendaknya dicari dan diperiksa para saksi yang benar-benar melihat peristiwa itu. Namun bila tidak ada saksi, atau pengadu itu lemah tak berpelindung dan tanpa pembela, maka raja sendiri harus melakukan penyelidikan khusus dengan sangat cermat. Dengan demikian sang penguasa menjadi tempat berlindung bagi yang tak terlindungi, terutama mereka yang tertindas oleh kekerasan orang-orang kuat.”

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
साक्षि-बलम्the force/weight of witnesses
साक्षि-बलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षि-बल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
साधुproperly; rightly; well
साधु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाधु
द्वेधा-वाद-कृतम्made into a twofold dispute (i.e., with conflicting statements)
द्वेधा-वाद-कृतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वेधा-वाद-कृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be; should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अ-साक्षिकम्without witnesses
अ-साक्षिकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-साक्षिक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अ-नाथम्without a protector/advocate
अ-नाथम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-नाथ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
परीक्ष्यम्to be examined; should be investigated
परीक्ष्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरीक्ष्
Formya (gerundive/future passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that (case/matter)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विशेषतःespecially; in particular
विशेषतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतः

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (rājā)
W
Witnesses (sākṣi)
T
The unprotected/helpless (anātha)

Educational Q&A

A king must uphold justice by relying on credible witness-testimony when parties give conflicting accounts; and when witnesses or protectors are absent—especially for the helpless—the king must personally investigate with special care, acting as the refuge of the oppressed.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on judicial conduct: how to decide cases with contradictory claims, the priority of eyewitness testimony, and the ruler’s heightened responsibility when the complainant is unprotected.