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Shloka 39

आदि पर्व, अध्याय 67 — गान्धर्वविवाह-समयः

Duḥṣanta–Śakuntalā: Gandharva Marriage and Succession Condition

जानकिरननम विख्यात: सो5भवन्मनुजाधिप: । दीर्घजिद्वस्तु कौरव्य य उक्तो दानवर्षभ:

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

janakir ananam vikhyātaḥ so'bhavan manujādhipaḥ |

dīrghajid vastu kauravya ya ukto dānavarṣabhaḥ ||

ayaḥśirā aśvaśirā vīryavān ayaḥśaṅku gaganamūrdhā ca vegavān—rājan—ime pañca parākramī mahādaityāḥ kekayadeśasya pradhāna-pradhāna-mahātmā-rājā-rūpeṇa utpannāḥ |

... (śeṣaḥ: asura-dānava-nāmnāṃ manuṣya-rāja-rūpeṇa janma-vṛttāntaḥ)

Ia menjadi raja di kalangan manusia yang termasyhur dengan nama Jānaki. Dan, wahai Kaurava, dānava perkasa yang dikenal sebagai Dīrghajihva menjadi raja manusia yang masyhur sebagai raja Kāśī. Demikianlah banyak dānava dan asura lahir di bumi sebagai penguasa terkemuka—mengambil nama manusia, namun tetap membawa daya yang menggentarkan dan tabiat yang keras. Daya ajaran bagian ini ialah: pertikaian yang akan datang bukan semata urusan politik; kecenderungan āsurī menjelma dalam kekuasaan raja, menyiapkan panggung bagi adharma dan perang, serta mengingatkan bahwa kuasa dan takhta bukan jaminan kebajikan.

जानकिJanaki (name of a king)
जानकि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजानकि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इरणनम्roaring/sounding (as a name/epithet)
इरणनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइरणन (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
विख्यातःwell-known, famed
विख्यातः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविख्यात (कृदन्त; वि-√ख्या + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभवत्became, was
अभवत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भवति)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular
मनुजाधिपःlord of men, king
मनुजाधिपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुज + अधिप (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दीर्घजित्Dīrghajit (proper name)
दीर्घजित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदीर्घजित् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वस्तुindeed, in fact (particle/indeclinable usage)
वस्तु:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवस्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
कौरव्यO Kauravya (descendant of Kuru)
कौरव्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकौरव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उक्तःsaid, called
उक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउक्त (कृदन्त; √वच् + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दानवर्षभःbull among Dānavas, best of demons
दानवर्षभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदानव + ऋषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
J
Janamejaya
K
Kuru (Kaurava lineage)
K
Kekaya-deśa
K
Kāśī (Kāśirāja)
D
Dīrghajihva (Dānava)
A
Ayaḥśirā
A
Aśvaśirā
A
Ayaḥśaṅku
G
Gaganamūrdhā
K
Ketumān
A
Amitaujas
S
Svarbhānu
U
Ugrasena
A
Aśva (Asura name)
A
Aśoka
A
Aśvapati (Daitya)
H
Hārdikya
V
Vṛṣaparvā
D
Dīrghaprajña
A
Ajaka
Ś
Śālva
A
Aśvagrīva
R
Rocamāna
S
Sūkṣma
B
Bṛhadratha
T
Tuhuṇḍa
S
Senābindu
I
Iṣupāda
N
Nagnajit
E
Ekacakra
P
Prativindhya
V
Virūpākṣa
C
Citradharmā
H
Hara
S
Subāhu
A
Ahara
B
Bāhlīka
N
Nicandra
M
Muñjakeśa
N
Nikumbha
D
Devādhipa
Ś
Śarabh(a)
P
Paurava
K
Kupaṭa
S
Supārśva
K
Kratha
P
Pārvatīya
M
Meru
Ś
Śalabha
P
Prahmada
C
Candra (Daitya)
C
Candravarmā
K
Kāmboja-deśa
A
Arka
Ṛṣika
M
Mṛtapa
A
Anūpa-deśa (western)
G
Gaviṣṭha
D
Drumasena
M
Mayūra
V
Viśva
S
Suparṇa
K
Kālakīrti
C
Candrahantā
Ś
Śunaka
C
Candravināśana
J
Jānaki (king-name here)
S
Siṃhikā
R
Rāhu
K
Krātha

Educational Q&A

The passage frames political history as morally charged: destructive ‘asuric’ tendencies can incarnate within powerful rulers. It cautions that royal power and fame are ethically neutral unless guided by dharma, and it foreshadows that adharma-driven leadership becomes a cause of large-scale suffering and war.

Vaiśampāyana continues a catalogue explaining how various Dānavas/Asuras took birth on earth as renowned human kings in different regions (Kekaya, Kāśī, Kāmboja, Anūpa, etc.). The list functions as a prelude to the epic’s conflicts by identifying formidable, often fearsome forces behind certain royal lineages.