Sutra 11
Devanagari script
अभूमिष्ठानां हि स्वभूमिष्ठा युद्धे प्रतिलोमा भवन्ति ॥ कZ_१०.२.११ ॥
Transliteration
abhūmiṣṭhānāṃ hi svabhūmiṣṭhā yuddhe pratilomā bhavanti
Translation
Terhadap pihak yang tidak berpijak pada medan sendiri, pasukan yang berpijak pada wilayahnya sendiri menjadi ‘berlawanan arus’ dalam pertempuran—yakni membalikkan keuntungan musuh melalui posisi dan dukungan lokal.
Word by Word
अभूमिष्ठानाम्of those who are not on their own ground / who are on unfamiliar (foreign) ground
अभूमिष्ठानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
Formषष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (समासान्त-पद); नञ्-पूर्वकं ‘अ-’ + भूमिष्ठ (भूमौ तिष्ठति) → ‘भूमिष्ठ’; ‘अभूमिष्ठ’ = भूमौ न तिष्ठति/न स्थितः; ‘अभूमिष्ठानाम्’ = तेषाम्
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeParticle
Rootहि
Formनिपातः; हेत्वर्थे/खल्वर्थे बलप्रदः
स्वभूमिष्ठाःthose stationed on their own ground (home-ground troops)
स्वभूमिष्ठाः:
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
Formप्रथमा-बहुवचनम्; स्व + भूमिष्ठ (स्वस्यां भूमौ तिष्ठति)
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
TypeNoun
Rootयुध्
Formसप्तमी-एकवचनम्; ‘युद्ध’ (युध् धातोः)
प्रतिलोमाःadverse; acting contrary (i.e., disadvantageous)
प्रतिलोमाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतिलोम
Formप्रथमा-बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (स्वभूमिष्ठाः इत्यस्य)
भवन्तिbecome; turn out to be
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formलट्-लकारः, परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमा-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्
Entities Mentioned
S
svabhūmiṣṭha (home-ground forces)FAQs
They exploit terrain knowledge, supply networks, and local backing to blunt or reverse an outsider’s operational momentum.