Varaha Purana 50.2: Adhyaya 50, Shloka 2

The Procedure for the Dharaṇī Vow

Kārtika Dvādaśī Observance

Pūrva Bhāga · Narrative Dialogue (Royal Reception of a Sage)

Devanagari script

तमागतं मुनिं प्रेक्ष्य राजा परमधार्मिकः । अर्घपाद्यादिभिः पूज्य कृतासनपरिग्रहम् । उवाच हर्षितो राजा तमृषिं संहितव्रतम् ॥ ५०.२ ॥

Recitation with translationVaraha Purana 50.2

Transliteration

tam āgataṃ muniṃ prekṣya rājā paramadhārmikaḥ | arghapādyādibhiḥ pūjya kṛtāsanaparigraham | uvāca harṣito rājā tam ṛṣiṃ saṃhitavratam || 50.2 ||

ITRANS transliteration

Translation

जब वो रिशि आया, राजा ने उसे देखा। राजा बहुत धरम वाला था। उसने रिशि के लिए पानी और अर्घ्य दिया। उसने बैठने की जगह भी रेडी की। राजा खुश होके उस रिशि से बात करने लगा। वो रिशि अपने व्रत में पक्का था।

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Word by Word

• tam: him
• Type: Noun
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); demonstrative pronoun
• Role: Karma (कर्म)
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• āgatam: arrived/come
• Type: Adjective
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying 'munim'
• Role: Karma (कर्म)
• Root: ā√gam (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)

• munim: sage
• Type: Noun
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
• Role: Karma (कर्म)
• Root: muni (प्रातिपदिक)

• prekṣya: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्), indeclinable verbal form; action prior to main verb
• Role: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Root: pra√īkṣ (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)

• rājā: the king
• Type: Noun
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)

• parama-dhārmikaḥ: supremely righteous
• Type: Adjective
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); adjective of 'rājā'
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक) + dhārmika (प्रातिपदिक)

• argha-pādya-ādibhiḥ: with offerings like arghya and water for feet
• Type: Noun
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) collective sense, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); 'with arghya, pādya, etc.'
• Role: Karaṇa (करण)
• Root: argha (प्रातिपदिक) + pādya (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)

• pūjya: having honored / after honoring
• Type: Verb
• Form: Gerundive (भाव्य/यत्-कृदन्त), indeclinable in sense here; 'having to be honored' used adverbially with implied object 'munim'
• Role: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Root: √pūj (धातु) + ya (यत्/णिच्-भाव्य)

• kṛta-āsana-parigraham: (the sage) for whom a seat had been arranged
• Type: Adjective
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying 'munim': 'one for whom reception/seat has been arranged'
• Role: Karma (कर्म)
• Root: kṛta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + āsana (प्रातिपदिक) + parigraha (प्रातिपदिक)

• uvāca: said
• Type: Verb
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
• Role: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Root: √vac (धातु)

• harṣitaḥ: delighted
• Type: Adjective
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); adjective of 'rājā'
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)
• Root: harṣita (प्रातिपदिक; from √hṛṣ)

• rājā: the king
• Type: Noun
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन) (repetition for emphasis)
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)

• tam: that/him
• Type: Noun
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
• Role: Karma (कर्म)
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ṛṣim: sage
• Type: Noun
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
• Role: Karma (कर्म)
• Root: ṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)

• saṃhita-vratam: of well-observed vows
• Type: Adjective
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying 'ṛṣim': 'one whose vows are well-observed/regulated'
• Role: Karma (कर्म)
• Root: saṃhita (प्रातिपदिक) + vrata (प्रातिपदिक)

Sandhi Notes

• arghapādyādibhiḥ = argha-pādya-ādibhiḥ
• kṛtāsanaparigraham = kṛta-āsana-parigraham
• tamṛṣim = tam ṛṣim

Speaker and setting

Shanta and Vira rasaSetting: Royal sanctuary/court

Speaker

Narrator

The teaching

Kind of teaching

Dharma-ethics (atithi)

Subjects

EthicsCourtly CultureHospitality (Atithi-satkara)Ritual Protocol

Core idea

Atithi is a living locus of dharma; honoring the disciplined sage (‘saṃhita-vrata’) is honoring dharma itself.

In practice

Receive guests—especially teachers and renunciants—with water, offerings, a seat, and attentive speech; institutionalize hospitality as governance practice.

Dharma

Cross references

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Purāṇic Narrative
• Dharma Ethics
• Sanskrit Philology

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It documents a normative model of courtly etiquette in Sanskrit narrative sources: rulers are portrayed as upholding dharma through formal hospitality toward ascetics and learned visitors (arghya, pādya, and provision of a seat).

Which geographic location is identified?

No specific location is named in this verse; it focuses on the reception scene rather than sacred geography.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

The verse foregrounds atithi-satkara (respectful reception of guests, especially sages) as a practical expression of dharma and disciplined conduct.