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Description of the Forms of Infernal Torments
Naraka Yātanās
आयसैः कण्टकैस्तीक्ष्णैस्तप्तैस्तप्तावृता मही ॥ अन्तरिक्षं खगानीकैर्अग्निजिह्वैः समावृतम् ॥
āyasaiḥ kaṇṭakais tīkṣṇais taptaiḥ taptāvṛtā mahī || antarikṣaṃ khagānīkair agnijihvaiḥ samāvṛtam ||
ज़मीन गरम और तेज़ काँटे से भरी है। आसमान में चिड़ियों के झुंड है जिनकी जीभ आग जैसी है।
Ṛṣiputra
It showcases a vivid punitive landscape motif, useful for comparative study of Purāṇic imagery and the rhetoric of moral consequence.
No earthly geography; the description is of a mythic-infernal environment within the text’s cosmology.
The extreme imagery functions as a deterrent, emphasizing that harmful actions are associated with severe experiential outcomes.
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