Varaha Purana 139.44: Adhyaya 139, Shloka 44

The Glory of Varāha’s Rite: Merits of Cow-dung Plastering, Sweeping, Singing, Instrumental Music, and Dance

with a Truth-Vow Exemplum

Devanagari script

यद्यप्यहं हि चाण्डालः पूर्वकर्मविदूषितः ॥ सम्प्राप्तो मानुषं भावं विहितेनान्तरात्मना ॥

Recitation with translationVaraha Purana 139.44

Transliteration

yady apy ahaṃ hi cāṇḍālaḥ pūrvakarmavidūṣitaḥ || samprāpto mānuṣaṃ bhāvaṃ vihitena antarātmanā ||

Translation

मैं चांडाल हूँ, मेरे पुराने करम भी खराब हैं। पर मैंने दिल से ठान लिया और इंसान की ज़िन्दगी पा ली।

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Word by Word

• यदि: if
• यदि: सम्बन्ध (शर्त)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; शर्तसूचक (conditional particle)

• अपि: even/though
• अपि: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधान/अपवादार्थ (even/though)

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• हि: indeed
• हि: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निश्चय/हेतुबोधक (indeed/for)

• चाण्डालः: a caṇḍāla
• चाण्डालः: कर्ता (सम्बन्ध—अहम् इति कर्तृपदस्य विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चाण्डाल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• पूर्व-कर्म-विदूषितः: defiled by former deeds
• पूर्व-कर्म-विदूषितः: विशेषण (अहम्/चाण्डालः-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + कर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + विदूषित (कृदन्त; √दूष्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) ‘विदूषित’ = defiled; समासः तत्पुरुष (पूर्वकर्मणा विदूषितः)

• सम्प्राप्तः: having attained
• सम्प्राप्तः: कर्ता-सम्बन्ध (predicate participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-√प्राप् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘having attained/come to’

• मानुषम्: human
• मानुषम्: विशेषण (भावम्-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मानुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; ‘human’

• भावम्: state/condition
• भावम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• विहितेन: by what is ordained
• विहितेन: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विहित (कृदन्त; वि-√धा)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्यय; ‘ordained/arranged’

• अन्तरात्मना: by the inner self
• अन्तरात्मना: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तरात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; समासः कर्मधारय (अन्तरः आत्मा)

Speaker

Caṇḍāla (human speaker in the dialogue)

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Purāṇic Narrative
• Ethical Instruction
• Sanskrit Philology

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It is valuable for studying how Purāṇic narratives articulate karma and moral agency, sometimes using socially marked characters to foreground ethical universals like truth and resolve.

Which geographic location is identified?

No location is specified.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

Past actions may condition one’s situation, but ethical intention and disciplined resolve (antarātman, vihita) are presented as meaningful for one’s conduct.