Opening the text
An Exposition on the Causes of Happiness and Suffering
एका तु दुर्भगा तत्र ततो दुःखतरं नु किम् ॥ ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो वैश्यस्त्रयो वर्णाः सुमध्यमे
ekā tu durbhagā tatra tato duḥkhataraṃ nu kim || brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyas trayo varṇāḥ sumadhyame
उसमें एक बीवी का किस्मत खराब होता है, इससे बड़ा दुख और क्या हो सकता है? सुंदर नारी, तीन जातियाँ हैं, ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय और वैश्य।
Varāha (default, addressing Pṛthivī as inquirer)
It combines household-level suffering with a transition into social classification language, reflecting how Purāṇas embed ethics within broader social frameworks.
No location is mentioned.
To note the pain caused by misfortune and partiality, and to frame human life within recognized social categories used by the text’s milieu.
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