Opening the text
An Exposition on the Causes of Happiness and Suffering
केचिद्विरूपा दृश्यन्ते ततो दुःखतरं नु किम् ॥ विद्वान्कृती गुणज्ञश्च सर्वशास्त्रविशारदः
kecid virūpā dṛśyante tato duḥkhataraṃ nu kim || vidvān kṛtī guṇajñaś ca sarva-śāstra-viśāradaḥ
कुछ लोग बुरे दिखते हैं, उससे बड़ा दर्द और क्या हो सकता है? पर कोई पढ़ा-लिखा है, समझदार है, गुण जानता है, सब शास्त्र में एक्सपर्ट है।
Varāha (default, instructional voice)
It juxtaposes bodily appearance with intellectual accomplishment, reflecting premodern Indian ethical discourse on visible and invisible forms of ‘fortune’.
No location is indicated.
To consider that human conditions differ widely; the text frames such differences within a moral-causal (karmic) narrative rather than pure chance.
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