Niralamba Upanishad: Verse 29

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

मोक्ष इति च नित्यानित्यवस्तुविचारादनित्यसंसारसुखदुःखविषयसमस्तक्षेत्रममताबन्धक्षयो मोक्षः ॥२९॥

Padapatha (Word Split)

मोक्षः इति च । नित्य-अनित्य-वस्तु-विचारात् । अनित्य-संसार-सुख-दुःख-विषय-समस्त-क्षेत्र-अममता-बन्ध-क्षयः । मोक्षः ॥२९॥

Recitation with translationNiralamba Upanishad 29

IAST Transliteration

mokṣa iti ca nityānitya-vastu-vicārād anitya-saṃsāra-sukha-duḥkha-viṣaya-samasta-kṣetrā-mamatā-bandha-kṣayo mokṣaḥ ||29||

Translation

मुक्ति यह है, जो सदा रहता है और जो नही, उसका फरक समझो। इस दुनिया के सुख दुख में से अपनापन मिट जाए, वही मुक्ति है।

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Academic Translation

And ‘liberation’ is: from the discrimination between the eternal and the non-eternal, the destruction of the bondage consisting in possessiveness (mamatā) toward the entire field of objects—pleasures and pains—of the impermanent worldly existence; that is liberation.

Word by Word

• mokṣaḥ: liberation
• Type: Noun
• Root: mokṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• iti: thus (as defined)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्

• ca: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्

• nitya-anitya-vastu-vicārāt: from inquiry/discrimination into the eternal and the non-eternal reality
• Type: Noun
• Root: nitya (प्रातिपदिक) + anitya (प्रातिपदिक) + vastu (प्रातिपदिक) + vicāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, पञ्चमी, एकवचनम् (हेतौ/अपादाने)

• anitya-saṃsāra-sukha-duḥkha-viṣaya-samasta-kṣetra-mamatā-bandha-kṣayaḥ: the destruction of the bondage of possessiveness toward all fields (body etc.) and objects of worldly pleasure and pain, which are impermanent
• Type: Noun
• Root: anitya (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃsāra (प्रातिपदिक) + sukha (प्रातिपदिक) + duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + viṣaya (प्रातिपदिक) + samasta (प्रातिपदिक) + kṣetra (प्रातिपदिक) + mamatā (प्रातिपदिक) + bandha (प्रातिपदिक) + kṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• mokṣaḥ: (this) is liberation
• Type: Noun
• Root: mokṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

Sandhi Notes

• vicārād anitya-...: vicārāt + anitya- इत्यत्र तकारस्य दकारादेशः (t + a → d a) लेख्यरूपे vicārād। दीर्घसमासः: anitya-saṃsāra-sukha-duḥkha-viṣaya-samasta-kṣetra-mamatā-bandha-kṣayaḥ इति बहुपद-तत्पुरुषसमासः।

Verse Context

• Mokṣa; viveka (nityānitya-vastu-vicāra); mamatā-tyāga; kṣetra/kṣetrajña discrimination
• Mahavakya: Operationalizes the insight implied by ‘ahaṃ brahmāsmi’/‘tat tvam asi’: when identity with Brahman is discerned, possessiveness toward kṣetra (the field) collapses, revealing freedom.
• Atharva
• Chandas: Prose