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Katharudra Upanishad: Verse 37

सारमेव रसं लब्ध्वा साक्षाद्देही सनातनम् ।

सुखी भवति सर्वत्र अन्यथा सुखता कुतः ॥

असत्यस्मिन् परानन्दे स्वात्मभूतेऽखिलात्मनाम् ।

को जीवति नरो जन्तुः को वा नित्यं विचेष्टते ॥

तस्मात् सर्वात्मना चित्ते भासमानो ह्यसौ नरः ।

आनन्दयति दुःखाढ्यं जीवात्मानं सदा जनः ॥

यदा ह्येवैष एतस्मिन्नदृश्यत्वादिलक्षणे ।

निर्भेदं परमाद्वैतं विन्दते च महायतिः ॥

तदेवाभयम् अत्यन्तकल्याणं परमामृतम् ।

सद्रूपं परमं ब्रह्म त्रिपरिच्छेदवर्जितम् ॥

यदा ह्येवैष एतस्मिन्नल्पमप्यन्तरं नरः ।

विजानाति तदा तस्य भयं स्यान्नात्र संशयः ॥

अस्यैवानन्दकोशेन स्तम्बान्ता विष्णुपूर्वकाः ।

भवन्ति सुखिनो नित्यं तारतम्यक्रमेण तु ॥

तत्तत्पदविरक्तस्य श्रोत्रियस्य प्रसादिनः ।

स्वरूपभूत आनन्दः स्वयं भाति परे यथा ॥

निमित्तं किञ्चिदाश्रित्य खलु शब्दः प्रवर्तते ।

यतो वाचो निवर्तन्ते निमित्तानामभावतः ॥

निर्विशेषे परानन्दे कथं शब्दः प्रवर्तते ।

तस्मादेतन्मनः सूक्ष्मं व्यावृतं सर्वगोचरम् ॥

यस्माच्छ्रोत्रत्वगक्ष्यादिखादिकर्मेन्द्रियाणि च ॥

सारम् एव । रसम् । लब्ध्वा । साक्षात् । देही । सनातनम् ।

सुखी । भवति । सर्वत्र । अन्यथा । सुखता । कुतः ॥

असति । अस्मिन् । पर-आनन्दे । स्व-आत्म-भूते । अखिल-आत्मनाम् ।

कः । जीवति । नरः । जन्तुः । कः । वा । नित्यम् । विचेष्टते ॥

तस्मात् । सर्व-आत्मना । चित्ते । भासमानः । हि । असौ । नरः ।

आनन्दयति । दुःख-आढ्यम् । जीव-आत्मानम् । सदा । जनः ॥

यदा । हि । एव । एषः । एतस्मिन् । अदृश्यत्व-आदि-लक्षणे ।

निर्भेदम् । परम् । अद्वैतम् । विन्दते । च । महा-यतिः ॥

तत् । एव । अभयम् । अत्यन्त-कल्याणम् । परम् । अमृतम् ।

सत्-रूपम् । परम् । ब्रह्म । त्रि-परिच्छेद-वर्जितम् ॥

यदा । हि । एव । एषः । एतस्मिन् । अल्पम् । अपि । अन्तरम् । नरः ।

विजानाति । तदा । तस्य । भयम् । स्यात् । न । अत्र । संशयः ॥

अस्य । एव । आनन्द-कोशेन । स्तम्ब-अन्ताः । विष्णु-पूर्वकाः ।

भवन्ति । सुखिनः । नित्यम् । तारतम्य-क्रमेण । तु ॥

तत्-तत्-पद-विरक्तस्य । श्रोत्रियस्य । प्रसादिनः ।

स्वरूप-भूतः । आनन्दः । स्वयम् । भाति । परे । यथा ॥

निमित्तम् । किञ्चित् । आश्रित्य । खलु । शब्दः । प्रवर्तते ।

यतः । वाचः । निवर्तन्ते । निमित्तानाम् । अभावतः ॥

निर्विशेषे । पर-आनन्दे । कथम् । शब्दः । प्रवर्तते ।

तस्मात् । एतत् । मनः । सूक्ष्मम् । व्यावृतम् । सर्व-गोचरम् ॥

यस्मात् । श्रोत्र-त्वक्-अक्षि-आदि । खादि । कर्म-इन्द्रियाणि । च ॥

Recitation with translationKatharudra Upanishad 37

sāram eva rasaṃ labdhvā sākṣād dehī sanātanam |

sukhī bhavati sarvatra anyathā sukhatā kutaḥ ||

asaty asmin parānande svātmabhūte'khilātmanām |

ko jīvati naro jantuḥ ko vā nityaṃ viceṣṭate ||

tasmāt sarvātmanā citte bhāsamāno hy asau naraḥ |

ānandayati duḥkhāḍhyaṃ jīvātmānaṃ sadā janaḥ ||

yadā hy evaiṣa etasmin adṛśyatvādilakṣaṇe |

nirbhedaṃ paramādvaitaṃ vindate ca mahāyatiḥ ||

tad evābhayam atyantakalyāṇaṃ paramāmṛtam |

sadrūpaṃ paramaṃ brahma triparicchedavarjitam ||

yadā hy evaiṣa etasmin alpam apy antaraṃ naraḥ |

vijānāti tadā tasya bhayaṃ syān nātra saṃśayaḥ ||

asyaivānandakośena stambhāntā viṣṇupūrvakāḥ |

bhavanti sukhino nityaṃ tāratamyakrameṇa tu ||

tattatpadaviraktasya śrotriyasya prasādinaḥ |

svarūpabhūta ānandaḥ svayaṃ bhāti pare yathā ||

nimittaṃ kiñcid āśritya khalu śabdaḥ pravartate |

yato vāco nivartante nimittānām abhāvataḥ ||

nirviśeṣe parānande kathaṃ śabdaḥ pravartate |

tasmād etan manaḥ sūkṣmaṃ vyāvṛtaṃ sarvagocaram ||

yasmāc chrotratvagakṣyādikhādikarmendriyāṇi ca ||

जब तुम सच्चे रस को पा लोगे, तब सीधा अपने अंदर वाली हमेशा की आत्मा को जान लोगे। फिर तुम हर जगह खुश रहोगे। नहीं तो खुशी कहाँ से आएगी? उस परम आनंद में जो किसी चीज़ की तरह नहीं है और सबकी आत्मा है, कौन जी पाएगा? कौन काम करता रहेगा? इसलिए वो पुरुष जो पूरे दिल में चमकता है, वो दुखी जीव को हमेशा खुश करता है। जब कोई महा त्यागी उस अदृश्य रूप में एकता पाता है, वही भय से मुक्त है, सबसे बड़ा कल्याण है, अमृत है। वही ब्रह्मन है जो सत्य है और तीनों सीमा से आज़ाद है। लेकिन अगर उसमें भी थोड़ा सा भेद दिखा, तो डर आ जाएगा, कोई शक नहीं। उस आनंद के कारण से पेड़ से लेकर विष्णु तक सब खुश हैं, अलग-अलग लेवल पर। जो श्रोत्रिय है, जो पद से मुक्त है, उसका अपना आनंद खुद चमकता है। बोलने के लिए किसी चीज़ का सहारे की ज़रूरत होती है। जहाँ कोई सहारे नहीं, वहाँ शब्द वापस लौट जाते हैं। निर्विशेष परम आनंद में शब्द कैसे चलेगा? इसलिए यह मन सूक्ष्म है, सब चीज़ों से पीछे हो गया। कान, त्वचा, आँख और बाकी इंद्रिया भी वैसे ही हैं।

Having obtained the very essence—the rasa—(one realizes) the eternal embodied Self directly; one becomes happy everywhere; otherwise, whence could happiness arise? In this supreme bliss, which is not an objectifiable ‘real’ (as a thing) and which is the Self of all selves, what man or creature truly ‘lives’? or who continually ‘acts’? Therefore, that Person shining in the mind with the whole of oneself continually gladdens the individual self, laden with sorrow. When indeed this great renunciant finds, in That characterized by invisibility and the like, the non-differentiated supreme non-duality— That alone is fearlessness, the highest good, the supreme immortality: the supreme Brahman whose nature is Being, free from the threefold limitation. But when a man cognizes even a slight difference in That, then for him there is fear—of this there is no doubt. By the sheath of bliss of That alone, (beings) beginning with Viṣṇu up to a stump (i.e., down to the lowest) become ever happy, though in a graded hierarchy. For the learned (śrotriya) and serene one who is dispassionate toward this or that state, the bliss that is one’s own nature shines of itself in the Supreme. Speech indeed operates by relying on some condition (nimitta); from That, words return, because conditions are absent. In the attributeless supreme bliss, how could speech operate? Therefore this subtle mind is withdrawn from all objects— (as are) the ear, skin, eye, and the rest, and the organs of action, etc.

sāramessence
sāram:
TypeNoun
Rootsāra (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, dvitīyā, ekavacana
evaindeed/only
eva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (avyaya)
Formavyaya
rasamtaste/essence (rasa)
rasam:
TypeNoun
Rootrasa (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, dvitīyā, ekavacana
labdhvāhaving obtained
labdhvā:
TypeVerb
Root√labh (dhātu)
Formktvānta (absolutive), kartari; ‘having obtained’
sākṣātdirectly
sākṣāt:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsākṣāt (avyaya)
Formavyaya
dehīthe embodied one
dehī:
TypeNoun
Rootdehin (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
sanātanameternal
sanātanam:
TypeAdjective
Rootsanātana (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, dvitīyā, ekavacana (agreeing with implied ātmā/brahma)
sukhīhappy
sukhī:
TypeAdjective
Rootsukhin (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
bhavatibecomes/is
bhavati:
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (dhātu)
Formlaṭ, prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ, ekavacana, parasmaipada
sarvatraeverywhere
sarvatra:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsarvatra (avyaya)
Formavyaya
anyathāotherwise
anyathā:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanyathā (avyaya)
Formavyaya
sukhatāhappiness (state)
sukhatā:
TypeNoun
Rootsukhatā (prātipadika)
Formstrīliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
kutaḥfrom where?/how?
kutaḥ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkutaḥ (avyaya)
Formavyaya (interrogative)
asatiin the unreal
asati:
TypeAdjective
Rootasat (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, saptamī, ekavacana
asminin this
asmin:
TypePronoun
Rootidam (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, saptamī, ekavacana
parānandein the supreme bliss
parānande:
TypeNoun
Rootparānanda (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, saptamī, ekavacana
svātmabhūtebeing one’s own Self
svātmabhūte:
TypeAdjective
Rootsvātmabhūta (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, saptamī, ekavacana (agreeing with parānande)
akhilātmanāmof all selves
akhilātmanām:
TypeNoun
Rootakhilātman (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, ṣaṣṭhī, bahuvacana
kaḥwho?
kaḥ:
TypePronoun
Rootkim (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana (interrogative)
jīvatilives
jīvati:
TypeVerb
Root√jīv (dhātu)
Formlaṭ, prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ, ekavacana, parasmaipada
naraḥman/person
naraḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootnara (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
jantuḥcreature
jantuḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootjantu (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
kaḥwho?
kaḥ:
TypePronoun
Rootkim (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana (interrogative)
vāor/indeed
vā:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (avyaya)
Formavyaya
nityamalways
nityam:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnitya (prātipadika)
Formavyayībhāva usage (acc. sg. as adverb)
viceṣṭatestrives/acts
viceṣṭate:
TypeVerb
Root√ceṣṭ (dhātu)
Formlaṭ, prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ, ekavacana, ātmanepada
tasmāttherefore
tasmāt:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottasmāt (avyaya/pronominal)
Formablative adverbial ‘therefore/from that’
sarvātmanāwith the whole self
sarvātmanā:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsarvātman (prātipadika)
Formtṛtīyā, ekavacana used adverbially
cittein the mind
citte:
TypeNoun
Rootcitta (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, saptamī, ekavacana
bhāsamānaḥshining/appearing
bhāsamānaḥ:
TypeVerb
Root√bhās (dhātu)
Formśatṛ-pratyaya (present active participle), puṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
hiindeed
hi:
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (avyaya)
Formavyaya
asauthat (one)
asau:
TypePronoun
Rootadas (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
naraḥperson
naraḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootnara (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
ānandayatigladdens/makes blissful
ānandayati:
TypeVerb
Root√nand (dhātu)
Formlaṭ, prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ, ekavacana, parasmaipada, causative sense ‘causes to rejoice’
duḥkhāḍhyamfull of sorrow
duḥkhāḍhyam:
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkhāḍhya (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, dvitīyā, ekavacana (agreeing with jīvātmānam)
jīvātmānamthe individual self
jīvātmānam:
TypeNoun
Rootjīvātman (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, dvitīyā, ekavacana
sadāalways
sadā:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsadā (avyaya)
Formavyaya
janaḥperson/people
janaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootjana (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
yadāwhen
yadā:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadā (avyaya)
Formavyaya
hiindeed
hi:
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (avyaya)
Formavyaya
evajust/indeed
eva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (avyaya)
Formavyaya
eṣaḥthis (one)
eṣaḥ:
TypePronoun
Rootetad (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
etasminin this
etasmin:
TypePronoun
Rootetad (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka/puṃliṅga, saptamī, ekavacana
adṛśyatva-ādi-lakṣaṇein that having the mark of invisibility etc.
adṛśyatva-ādi-lakṣaṇe:
TypeNoun
Rootadṛśyatvādilakṣaṇa (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, saptamī, ekavacana
nirbhedamundivided
nirbhedam:
TypeAdjective
Rootnirbheda (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, dvitīyā, ekavacana (as object of vindate)
parama-advaitamsupreme non-duality
parama-advaitam:
TypeNoun
Rootparamādvaita (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, dvitīyā, ekavacana
vindateattains/finds
vindate:
TypeVerb
Root√vid (dhātu, ‘to find/attain’)
Formlaṭ, prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ, ekavacana, ātmanepada
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (avyaya)
Formavyaya
mahāyatiḥthe great ascetic
mahāyatiḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootmahāyati (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
tatthat
tat:
TypePronoun
Roottad (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā, ekavacana
evaindeed
eva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (avyaya)
Formavyaya
abhayamfearlessness
abhayam:
TypeNoun
Rootabhaya (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā, ekavacana
atyanta-kalyāṇamsupremely auspicious
atyanta-kalyāṇam:
TypeAdjective
Rootatyantakalyāṇa (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā, ekavacana (agreeing with abhayam)
parama-amṛtamsupreme immortality
parama-amṛtam:
TypeNoun
Rootparamāmṛta (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā, ekavacana
sat-rūpamhaving the form of Being
sat-rūpam:
TypeAdjective
Rootsadrūpa (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā, ekavacana
paramamsupreme
paramam:
TypeAdjective
Rootparama (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā, ekavacana (agreeing with brahma)
brahmaBrahman
brahma:
TypeNoun
Rootbrahman (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā, ekavacana
tri-pariccheda-varjitamfree from threefold limitation
tri-pariccheda-varjitam:
TypeAdjective
Roottriparicchedavarjita (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā, ekavacana (agreeing with brahma)
yadāwhen
yadā:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadā (avyaya)
Formavyaya
hiindeed
hi:
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (avyaya)
Formavyaya
evajust
eva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (avyaya)
Formavyaya
eṣaḥthis (one)
eṣaḥ:
TypePronoun
Rootetad (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
etasminin this
etasmin:
TypePronoun
Rootetad (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka/puṃliṅga, saptamī, ekavacana
alpama little
alpam:
TypeAdjective
Rootalpa (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, dvitīyā, ekavacana (used adverbially with api)
apieven
api:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (avyaya)
Formavyaya
antaramdifference/interval
antaram:
TypeNoun
Rootantara (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, dvitīyā, ekavacana
naraḥa person
naraḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootnara (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
vijānātiknows/discerns
vijānāti:
TypeVerb
Root√jñā (dhātu)
Formlaṭ, prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ, ekavacana, parasmaipada (vi-)
tadāthen
tadā:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (avyaya)
Formavyaya
tasyafor him/of him
tasya:
TypePronoun
Roottad (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga/napuṃsaka, ṣaṣṭhī, ekavacana
bhayamfear
bhayam:
TypeNoun
Rootbhaya (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā, ekavacana
syātwould be/arises
syāt:
TypeVerb
Root√as (dhātu)
Formvidhiliṅ, prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ, ekavacana, parasmaipada
nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (avyaya)
Formavyaya (negation)
atrahere
atra:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatra (avyaya)
Formavyaya
saṃśayaḥdoubt
saṃśayaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃśaya (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
asyaof this
asya:
TypePronoun
Rootidam (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga/napuṃsaka, ṣaṣṭhī, ekavacana
evaindeed
eva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (avyaya)
Formavyaya
ānanda-kośenaby the bliss-sheath
ānanda-kośena:
TypeNoun
Rootānandakośa (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, tṛtīyā, ekavacana
stambha-antāḥending with (even) the immobile (stambha)
stambha-antāḥ:
TypeAdjective
Rootstambhānta (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, bahuvacana
viṣṇu-pūrvakāḥbeginning with Viṣṇu
viṣṇu-pūrvakāḥ:
TypeAdjective
Rootviṣṇupūrvaka (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, bahuvacana
bhavantibecome/are
bhavanti:
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (dhātu)
Formlaṭ, prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ, bahuvacana, parasmaipada
sukhinaḥhappy
sukhinaḥ:
TypeAdjective
Rootsukhin (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, bahuvacana
nityamalways
nityam:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnitya (prātipadika)
Formavyayībhāva usage (acc. sg. as adverb)
tāratamya-krameṇain gradational order
tāratamya-krameṇa:
TypeNoun
Roottāratamyakrama (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, tṛtīyā, ekavacana
tubut/indeed
tu:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (avyaya)
Formavyaya
tat-tat-pada-viraktasyaof one detached from various पद-s
tat-tat-pada-viraktasya:
TypeAdjective
Roottattatpadavirakta (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, ṣaṣṭhī, ekavacana
śrotriyasyaof the śrotriya
śrotriyasya:
TypeNoun
Rootśrotriya (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, ṣaṣṭhī, ekavacana
prasādinaḥof the serene-minded
prasādinaḥ:
TypeAdjective
Rootprasādin (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, ṣaṣṭhī, ekavacana
svarūpa-bhūtaḥessential in nature
svarūpa-bhūtaḥ:
TypeAdjective
Rootsvarūpabhūta (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana (agreeing with ānandaḥ)
ānandaḥbliss
ānandaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootānanda (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
svayamby itself
svayam:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvayam (avyaya)
Formavyaya
bhātishines/appears
bhāti:
TypeVerb
Root√bhā (dhātu)
Formlaṭ, prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ, ekavacana, parasmaipada
parein the Supreme
pare:
TypeNoun
Rootpara (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka/puṃliṅga, saptamī, ekavacana
yathāas/just as
yathā:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (avyaya)
Formavyaya
nimittama cause/occasion
nimittam:
TypeNoun
Rootnimitta (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, dvitīyā, ekavacana
kiñcitsome
kiñcit:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkiñcit (avyaya/pronominal)
Formavyaya (indefinite)
āśrityahaving depended on
āśritya:
TypeVerb
Root√śri (dhātu)
Formktvānta (absolutive) with ā-; ‘having resorted to’
khaluindeed
khalu:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkhalu (avyaya)
Formavyaya
śabdaḥword/speech
śabdaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootśabda (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
pravartateoperates/proceeds
pravartate:
TypeVerb
Root√vṛt (dhātu)
Formlaṭ, prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ, ekavacana, ātmanepada (pra-)
yataḥfrom which/wherefrom
yataḥ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyataḥ (avyaya)
Formavyaya (relative/causal)
vācaḥwords/speech
vācaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootvāc (prātipadika)
Formstrīliṅga, prathamā, bahuvacana
nivartantereturn/withdraw
nivartante:
TypeVerb
Root√vṛt (dhātu)
Formlaṭ, prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ, bahuvacana, ātmanepada (ni-)
nimittānāmof causes/occasions
nimittānām:
TypeNoun
Rootnimitta (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, ṣaṣṭhī, bahuvacana
abhāvataḥbecause of absence
abhāvataḥ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootabhāva (prātipadika)
Formpañcamī, ekavacana used adverbially (‘due to absence’)
nirviśeṣein the attributeless
nirviśeṣe:
TypeAdjective
Rootnirviśeṣa (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga/napuṃsaka, saptamī, ekavacana (agreeing with parānande)
parānandein the supreme bliss
parānande:
TypeNoun
Rootparānanda (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, saptamī, ekavacana
kathamhow?
katham:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (avyaya)
Formavyaya (interrogative)
śabdaḥword
śabdaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootśabda (prātipadika)
Formpuṃliṅga, prathamā, ekavacana
pravartateoperates
pravartate:
TypeVerb
Root√vṛt (dhātu)
Formlaṭ, prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ, ekavacana, ātmanepada (pra-)
tasmāttherefore
tasmāt:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottasmāt (avyaya/pronominal)
Formablative adverbial ‘therefore’
etatthis
etat:
TypePronoun
Rootetad (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā/dvitīyā, ekavacana
manaḥmind
manaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootmanas (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā, ekavacana
sūkṣmamsubtle
sūkṣmam:
TypeAdjective
Rootsūkṣma (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā, ekavacana (agreeing with manaḥ)
vyāvṛtamwithdrawn
vyāvṛtam:
TypeAdjective
Rootvyāvṛta (prātipadika)
Formkta (past passive participle) from vi-ā-√vṛt; napuṃsaka, prathamā, ekavacana (agreeing with manaḥ)
sarva-gocaramhaving all objects as its range
sarva-gocaram:
TypeAdjective
Rootsarvagocara (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā, ekavacana (agreeing with manaḥ)
yasmātfrom which/because
yasmāt:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyasmāt (avyaya)
Formavyaya (relative/ablative)
śrotra-tvag-akṣi-ādi-kha-ādi-karma-indriyāṇithe ear, skin, eye etc. and the organs of action
śrotra-tvag-akṣi-ādi-kha-ādi-karma-indriyāṇi:
TypeNoun
Rootśrotratvagakṣyādikhādikarmendriya (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka, prathamā, bahuvacana
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (avyaya)
Formavyaya
  • sāram eva (no change)
  • sākṣād dehī: sākṣāt + dehī → sākṣāddehī (final -t → -d before voiced d-)
  • svātmabhūte'khilātmanām: svātmabhūte + akhilātmanām → svātmabhūte'khilātmanām (avagraha)
  • hyasau: hi + asau → hyasau
  • evaiṣa: eva + eṣa → evaiṣa
  • etasminnadṛśyatva-: etasmin + adṛśyatva- → etasminnadṛśyatva- (n-insertion)
  • tadeva: tat + eva → tad eva
  • syān nātra: syāt + na atra → syān nātra (t→n before n; na+atra)
  • asyaivānanda-: asya + eva → asyaiva
  • yato vāco: yataḥ + vācaḥ → yato vāco (visarga loss before voiced consonant)
  • tasmād etan: tasmāt + etat → tasmād etat
  • yasmāc chrotra-: yasmāt + śrotra- → yasmāc chrotra- (t→c before ś)
Brahmānanda (supreme bliss) as non-dual Brahman; fearlessness through advaita; withdrawal of speech/mind (yato vāco nivartante)Mahavakya: Supports ‘ayam ātmā brahma’ / ‘tat tvam asi’ in purport: identity of jīva’s essence with non-dual Brahman; also echoes Taittirīya’s ‘yato vāco nivartante’ motifKrishna YajurvedaKatha (Kaṭha) śākhā (traditional attribution; text is late/sectarian and not securely placed in a surviving Katha Saṃhitā recension) ShakhaChandas: Mixed/late Upaniṣadic versification; predominantly anuṣṭubh-style ślokas with occasional irregularities (not a strictly Vedic metrical hymn)

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