Rig Veda 8.23.13: Mandala 8, Sukta 23, Mantra 13
Sukta 8.23
Rishi: Viśvāmitra (attributed tradition; uncertain)
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यद्वा उ विश्पतिः शितः सुप्रीतो मनुषो विशि । विश्वेदग्निः प्रति रक्षांसि सेधति ॥
Transliteration
yádvā u viśpátiḥ śitáḥ su-prī́to mánuṣo viśí | víśved agníḥ práti rákṣāṃsi sédhati ||
Translation
जब अग्नि लोगों के बीच खुश रहता है, वो सब दुश्मन ताकतों को पीछे धकेल देता है। वो सब बुरी चीज़ें जो अंधेरा लाती हैं, उनको दूर कर देता है।
Word by Word
यद्when/if; since
यद्:
—
TypeIndeclinable (relative particle)
Rootयद् (यद्-प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
वाor
वा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (निपात)
उindeed; surely
उ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ (निपात)
विश्पतिःlord of the clan/settlement (Agni)
विश्पतिः:
Kartā
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootविश् + पति (प्रातिपदिक: विश्पति-)
शितःsharpened; keen
शितः:
Kartā (as qualifier)
TypeAdjective (past passive participle)
Rootशि (धातु) → शित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; PPP)
सुप्रीतःwell-pleased; very gracious
सुप्रीतः:
Kartā (as qualifier)
TypeAdjective (past passive participle)
Rootसु + प्री (धातु) → सुप्रीत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; PPP)
मनुषःof Manu; of man/humankind
मनुषः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootमनु (प्रातिपदिक: मनुष-)
विशिin the clan/settlement
विशि:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootविश् (प्रातिपदिक: विश्-)
विश्वेall
विश्वे:
Karma
TypeAdjective/Pronoun-like adjective
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
इद्indeed; just
इद्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइद् (निपात)
अग्निःAgni (fire-god)
अग्निः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रतिagainst; toward
प्रति:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb/adposition)
Rootप्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
रक्षांसिdemons; harmful spirits (rakṣasas)
रक्षांसि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
सेधतिrepels; keeps off; prevents
सेधति:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootसिध्/सेध् (धातु: √सेध् ‘to ward off, repel, prevent’)
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