Rig Veda 8.18.14: Mandala 8, Sukta 18, Mantra 14
Sukta 8.18
Devata: Ādityas (protective continuum), with focus on adversary’s downfall under ṛta
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
समित्तमघमश्नवद्दुःशंसं मर्त्यं रिपुम् । यो अस्मत्रा दुर्हणावाँ उप द्वयुः ॥
Transliteration
sám it tám aghám aśnavad duḥśáṃsaṃ mártyaṃ ripúm | yó asmatrā́ durhánāvāṃ́ úpa dvayúḥ ||
Translation
जो दुश्मन हमारे खिलाफ आता है, बुरी नीयत से, उसपर बुराई आ जाती है। जो दो रास्ता चलता है, झूठ और सच दोनों काम में लाता है, वो अपनी मुश्किल में फंस जाता है। उसकी अपनी गलत हरकत उसे पकड़ लेती है।
Word by Word
समित्तम्altogether; most completely
समित्तम्:
Karaṇa (manner/degree) / Avyaya-bhāva
TypeIndeclinable (adverbial) / Adjective used adverbially
Rootसम्-इत्तम (प्रातिपदिक; इत्तम < इत् ‘going/impulse’/इति-त्म?; here adverbial superlative ‘most completely/altogether’)
अघम्evil; sin; harm
अघम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअघ (प्रातिपदिक)
अश्नवत्consumed/overcame; obtained
अश्नवत्:
(implicit) Kartā = understood subject (e.g., Indra/Agni per context)
TypeVerb
Rootअश् (धातु) ‘to eat, consume, obtain’
दुःशंसम्ill-speaking; of evil report; malicious
दुःशंसम्:
Karma (qualifier of मर्त्यम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुः-शंस (प्रातिपदिक; शंस ‘praise/utterance’ with दुḥ- ‘bad’)
मर्त्यम्a mortal (man)
मर्त्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक)
रिपुम्enemy; hostile one
रिपुम्:
Karma (apposition to मर्त्यम्)
TypeNoun
Rootरिपु (प्रातिपदिक)
यःwho
यः:
Kartā (of दुर्हणावान्/उप द्वयुः)
TypePronoun (relative)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अस्मत्राhere; in our sphere
अस्मत्रा:
Adhikaraṇa (locative sense: ‘here/among us’)
TypeIndeclinable (adverb)
Rootअस्म-त्रा (deictic adverb from अस्मद् + -त्रा)
दुर्हणावान्having harmful intent/power; injurious
दुर्हणावान्:
Kartā (predicate adjective of यः)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्-हणावन्त् (प्रातिपदिक; हणा/हण ‘to strike/kill, injure’ with possessive -वत्)
उपtowards; against; upon
उप:
(verbal modifier)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb/particle)
Rootउप (उपसर्ग/निपात)
द्वयुःacted duplicitously; made a double attack / sought twofold (against us)
द्वयुः:
(implicit) Kartā = यः
TypeVerb
Rootद्वि/द्वय (numeral base) + desiderative/denominative verb stem द्वयु- ‘to be double-minded / to seek twofold?’ (Vedic)
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