Rig Veda 5.43.1: Mandala 5, Sukta 43, Mantra 1
Sukta 5.43
Rishi: Atri (Ātreya) (traditional for RV 5.43)
Devata: Viśve Devāḥ / nourishing powers (often read as a broad all-gods invocation with symbolic ‘seven’ powers)
Chandas: Jagatī or Triṣṭubh (needs metrical verification; verse length suggests Jagatī tendencies)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
आ धेनवः पयसा तूर्ण्यर्था अमर्धन्तीरुप नो यन्तु मध्वा । महो राये बृहतीः सप्त विप्रो मयोभुवो जरिता जोहवीति ॥
Transliteration
ā́ dhenávaḥ páyasā tūrṇyàrthā́ amárdhantīr úpa no yantu mádhvā | mahó rāyé bṛhatī́ḥ sapta vípro mayobhúvo jaritā́ johavīti ||
Translation
गाइयाँ पानी लेकर जल्दी आएंगी। उनका दूध रोका न जाएगा, मीठा होगा। रिशि बोल रहे हैं, सात बड़ी ताकतें आएंगी, खुशी लाएंगी, बड़ा धन लाएंगी।
Word by Word
आhither, towards
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग) / ā (preverb)
धेनवःmilch-cows (cows)
धेनवः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootधेनु- (प्रातिपदिक) / dhenu-
पयसाwith milk
पयसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootपयस्- (प्रातिपदिक) / payas-
तूर्ण्यर्थाःswift-going / having swift aim
तूर्ण्यर्थाः:
Kartā (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootतूर्णि- + अर्थ- (समास) / tūrṇi- + artha-
अमर्धन्तीःnot failing, unremitting
अमर्धन्तीः:
Kartā (धेनवः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeVerb (participle)
Rootमृध् (धातु) / mṛdh ‘to neglect, fail, be remiss’
उपnear, unto
उप:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) / upa
नःto us / our
नः:
Sampradāna (लाभार्थे) / beneficiary
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम) / asmad
यन्तुlet them come/go
यन्तु:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु) / yā ‘to go’
मध्वाwith sweetness / with honey (mead)
मध्वा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootमधु- (प्रातिपदिक) / madhu-
महोfor great (gain)
महो:
Sampradāna
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्- (प्रातिपदिक) / mahat-
रायेfor wealth
राये:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootराय्-/रायि- (प्रातिपदिक) / rāy- ‘wealth’
बृहतीःgreat, lofty
बृहतीः:
Kartā (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहती- (प्रातिपदिक) / bṛhatī-
सप्तseven
सप्त:
—
TypeNumeral
Rootसप्त (संख्या) / sapta
विप्रःthe inspired sage
विप्रः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र- (प्रातिपदिक) / vipra-
मयोभुवःbringing delight, beneficent
मयोभुवः:
Kartā (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootमयस्- + भू (समास; बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष) / mayas- + bhū
जरिताthe praiser
जरिता:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootजरितृ- (प्रातिपदिक; √गॄ/गिर् ‘to sing, praise’ से) / jaritṛ-
जोहवीतिkeeps invoking / calls repeatedly
जोहवीति:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootह्वे (धातु) / hve ‘to call, invoke’ (intensive/iterative: johavīti)
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