Rig Veda 10.79.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 79, Mantra 1
Sukta 10.79
Devata: Not explicitly named in this single verse; appears to describe a mighty immortal force active among mortals (often interpreted in RV 10.79 as Agni or a consuming cosmic power—requires hymn-level identification)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs confirmation)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अपश्यमस्य महतो महित्वममर्त्यस्य मर्त्यासु विक्षु । नाना हनू विभृते सं भरेते असिन्वती बप्सती भूर्यत्तः ॥
Transliteration
ápaśyam asya maható mahi-tvám amártyasya mártyāsu vikṣú | nā́nā hanū́ vibhṛ́te sáṃ bharete ásinvatī bápsatī bhū́ry attaḥ ||
Translation
मैंने देखा कि यह बड़ा देवता कितना महान है। वो मरने वाले लोगों के बीच चलता है पर खुद नहीं मरता। उसके दो जबन हैं जो अलग-अलग हैं। वो चलता रहता है, बहुत खाता है और कभी रुकता नहीं।
Word by Word
अपश्यम्I saw
अपश्यम्:
(क्रियापद) —
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (पश्य-)
अस्यof him/this
अस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive) — ‘of him/it’
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
महतःof the great
महतः:
विशेषण (to ‘महित्वम्’)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
महित्वम्greatness, majesty
महित्वम्:
कर्म (object of ‘अपश्यम्’)
TypeNoun
Rootमहित्व (महत् + -त्व) प्रत्ययान्त प्रातिपदिक
अमर्त्यस्यof the immortal
अमर्त्यस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive) — ‘of the immortal’
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootअ-मर्त्य (मर्त्य) प्रातिपदिक
मर्त्यासुamong mortals
मर्त्यासु:
अधिकरण (locative) — ‘among/in’
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य
विक्षुin the clans, among the peoples
विक्षु:
अधिकरण (locative) — ‘among the clans/peoples’
TypeNoun
Rootविक्ष् (स्त्री) ‘clan/settlement; people’
नानाvariously, in different ways
नाना:
विशेषणभाव (adverbial/distributive)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाना (अव्यय) (< PIE distributive)
हनू(two) jaws
हनू:
कर्ता (with ‘सं भरेते’)
TypeNoun
Rootहनु (स्त्री) ‘jaw’
विभृतेspread apart, held apart
विभृते:
विशेषण (to ‘हनू’)
TypeKṛdanta (PPP used adjectivally)
Rootवि-भृ (धातु भृ ‘to bear’) / or participial adjective ‘विभृत’
सम्together
सम्:
(क्रियाविशेषण/उपसर्ग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
भरेतेthe two bear/bring together
भरेते:
(क्रियापद) —
TypeVerb
Rootभृ (भर्) with preverb सम्
असिन्वतीnot pressing forth / not bestowing
असिन्वती:
कर्ता (of following finite verb implied) / विशेषण
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootअ-सिन्वत् (from √सिव्/√स्यू? Vedic ‘to press/impel’?; here privative a- + sinvat ‘giving/pressing’)
बप्सतीmurmuring, bleating, uttering
बप्सती:
कर्ता/विशेषण (coordinated with ‘असिन्वती’)
TypeVerb (present participle)
Rootबप्स् (Vedic onomatopoetic root ‘to bleat/cry, murmur’)
भूरिmuch, abundantly
भूरि:
क्रियाविशेषण (to ‘अत्तः’)
TypeIndeclinable/Adjective
Rootभूरि (अव्यय/विशेषण ‘much, abundant’)
अत्तःhaving eaten; eater (well-fed)
अत्तः:
कर्ता/विशेष्य (predicative)
TypeKṛdanta (PPP)
Rootअद् (to eat) → PPP ‘अत्त’
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