Rig Veda 10.131.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 131, Mantra 1
Sukta 10.131
Rishi: Unknown (RV 10.131; late maṇḍala)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Likely Triṣṭubh (common for Indra hymns in this register), though confirmation requires full hymn metrical scan
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अप प्राच इन्द्र विश्वाँ अमित्रानपापाचो अभिभूते नुदस्व । अपोदीचो अप शूराधराच उरौ यथा तव शर्मन्मदेम ॥
Transliteration
ápa prā́ca indra víśvā̃ amítrān ápapāco abhibhūte nudasva | ápódīco ápa śūrādharā́ca urāú yáthā táva śárman mádema ||
Translation
हे इंद्र, दुश्मन लोगों को आगे से हटा दे। जो लोग पीछे से हमला करते हैं, उनको भी भगा दे। उत्तर दिशा से और नीचे से जो भी आए, उनको दूर कर। तेरा शरण बहुत बड़ा है। उसमें हम खुश और ताकतवर हो जाएंगे।
Word by Word
अपaway, off
अप:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअप (avyaya) / apa
प्राचःthose in front / the eastern (ones)
प्राचः:
Karma (object of नुदस्व)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootप्राञ्च् (prātipadika: प्राञ्च्)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootइन्द्र (prātipadika)
विश्वान्all
विश्वान्:
Karma (object of नुदस्व; qualifier of अमित्रान्)
TypeAdjective
Rootविश्व (prātipadika)
अमित्रान्enemies
अमित्रान्:
Karma (object of नुदस्व)
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र (prātipadika)
अपापाचःsinful/evil-doing (lit. ‘not-good-doers’)
अपापाचः:
Karma (further qualifier of अमित्रान्)
TypeAdjective (bahuvrīhi/qualificative) used substantively
Rootअपापाच (prātipadika; a-/apa + पापाच)
अभिभूतेwhen overpowered / in the state of being subdued
अभिभूते:
Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘in/when (they are) overpowered’)
TypeKṛdanta (past passive participle) used adjectivally
Rootअभि-भू (dhātu: √भू) → अभिभूत (PPP) / or locative of अभिभूत-
नुदस्वdrive away, thrust away
नुदस्व:
Kriyā (main verb); agent implied = Indra
TypeVerb
Rootनुद् (dhātu: √नुद्) with imperative middle
अपaway
अप:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअप (avyaya) / apa
उदीचःthe northern (ones)
उदीचः:
Karma (object of implied ‘drive away’ continuing from नुदस्व)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootउदीच् (prātipadika: उदीच्)
अपaway
अप:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअप (avyaya) / apa
शूरO hero
शूर:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootशूर (prātipadika)
अधराचःthe lower (ones) / those below
अधराचः:
Karma (object of implied ‘drive away’)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootअधराच् (prātipadika: अधराच्)
उरौin the wide (space), in broadness
उरौ:
Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘in the wide (space)’)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootउरु (prātipadika)
यथाso that, as
यथा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (avyaya)
तवof you, your
तव:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (possessor)
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद् (pronominal stem)
शर्मन्in (your) shelter, protection
शर्मन्:
Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘in (your) shelter’)
TypeNoun
Rootशर्मन् (prātipadika)
मदेमmay we rejoice / be exhilarated
मदेम:
Kriyā (purpose/result clause with यथा)
TypeVerb
Rootमद् (dhātu: √मद् ‘to be glad/intoxicated’)
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