Rig Veda 1.116.18: Mandala 1, Sukta 116, Mantra 18
Sukta 1.116
Rishi: Dīrghatamas Āucathya (traditional attribution)
Devata: Aśvinau (Nāsatyā)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यदयातं दिवोदासाय वर्तिर्भरद्वाजायाश्विना हयन्ता । रेवदुवाह सचनो रथो वां वृषभश्च शिंशुमारश्च युक्ता ॥
Transliteration
yád ayā́taṁ divodā́sāya vartír bharádvājāyāśvinā háyantā | revád uvāha sacanó rátho vām vṛṣabháś ca śiṁśumā́raś ca yuktā́ ||
Translation
अश्विन भाई, जब तुम दिवोदास और भारद्वाज के पास आए, तुम्हारा रथ खुला रास्ता दिखाता हुआ आया। उस रथ में भलाई थी, धन था। उसके पीछे बैल की ताकत थी और समुंदर में चलने वाली शक्ति थी।
Word by Word
यत्when/that which
यत्:
Adhikaraṇa (सम्बन्ध/हेतु-प्रस्तावक: ‘यत्…’)
TypeIndeclinable (relative pronoun used as conjunction)
Rootयद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
अयातम्you two did not go / you two went not
अयातम्:
Kriyā (मुख्य क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु) + उपसर्ग अ- (निषेध/विपरीतार्थ) → अ-या
दिवोदासायto Divodāsa
दिवोदासाय:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun (proper name)
Rootदिवोदास (प्रा.)
वर्तिःa track/course (path)
वर्तिः:
Kartā (वाक्यांश-स्तर पर: ‘वर्तिः …’ = ‘the course/track…’)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ति (प्रा.; ‘मार्ग/वृत्ति/वर्तन’)
भरद्वाजायto Bharadvāja
भरद्वाजाय:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun (proper name)
Rootभरद्वाज (प्रा.)
अश्विनाO Aśvins (you two)
अश्विना:
Sambodhana (address)
TypeNoun (dual deity name)
Rootअश्विन् (प्रा.)
हयन्ताO swift ones
हयन्ता:
Sambodhana
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootहयन्त (प्रा.; ‘swift/impetuous’, from √हय/हय् ‘to hasten’ in Vedic usage)
रेवत्splendid, rich
रेवत्:
Karaṇa/Viśeṣaṇa (qualifier: ‘splendidly/with wealth’)
TypeAdjective
Rootरेवत् (प्रा.; ‘wealthy, splendid’)
उवाहcarried/bore
उवाह:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootवह् (धातु) + उपसर्ग उ-
सचनःa companion/associate
सचनः:
Kartā (उवाह का कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसचन (प्रा.; ‘companion, associate’; from √सच् ‘to accompany/attach’)
रथःchariot
रथः:
Kartā (समनाधिकरण: सचनः रथः = ‘the companion—(namely) the chariot’)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रा.)
वाम्of you two
वाम्:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (sarvanāma)
वृषभःbull
वृषभः:
Kartā (युक्ता/उवाह-सम्बद्ध सूची में)
TypeNoun
Rootवृषभ (प्रा.)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (avyaya)
शिंशुमारःśiṃśumāra (dolphin/porpoise; aquatic creature)
शिंशुमारः:
Kartā (युक्ता/उवाह-सम्बद्ध सूची में)
TypeNoun
Rootशिंशुमार (प्रा.)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (avyaya)
युक्ताyoked, harnessed
युक्ता:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa / Predicative (state: ‘were yoked’)
TypeParticiple (past passive participle)
Rootयुज् (धातु) → युक्त (कृदन्त)
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