दोहा 80
यह सोपान ‘वैराग्य-प्रवेश’ का द्वार है: राजधर्म/गृहस्थ-व्यवस्था के बीच राम का वनगमन दिखाता है कि मुक्ति-मार्ग में ‘प्रिय’ (सुख, राज्य, लोक-प्रतिष्ठा) का त्याग नहीं, बल्कि ‘धर्म-निष्ठ’ समर्पण प्रधान है। अयोध्या काण्ड में करुण-रस के माध्यम से आसक्ति की जड़ें उजागर होती हैं और भक्त को शिक्षा मिलती है कि प्रेम (प्रेम-भक्ति) शोक में भी भगवान की ओर ले जाने वाली शक्ति है। यह चरण साधक को ‘लोक-बंधन’ से ‘ईश्वर-शरण’ की ओर मोड़ता है—जहाँ राम-चरित स्वयं साधना का अनुशासन बन जाता है।
मातु सकल मोरे बिरहँ जेहिं न होहिं दुख दीन।सोइ उपाउ तुम्ह करेहु सब पुर जन परम प्रबीन।।80।।
mātu sakala more birahã jehiṁ na hohiṁ dukha dīna |soi upāu tumha karehu saba pura jana parama prabīna ||80||
मेरे सभी माँ को मेरे जाने से दुख नहीं होना चाहिए। पूरे शहर के लोग, तुम सब बहुत समझदार हो, जो भी इसका जुगाड़ करना पड़े वो करो।
Speaker
Rama
Listener
The citizens of Ayodhya (pur jan)
Karuna (with Vatsalya and a quiet Dharma-vira undertone)
Just before leaving for the forest, Rama has consoled the people, honoured the brahmins and entrusted his household servants to Vasishtha. He now turns to the townsfolk and asks them to see that his mothers do not sink into grief at his separation.
Rama asks the citizens to share the duty of protecting the weak and the grieving. In his ideal polity, care for the bereaved is the responsibility of the whole community, and the leader acts as a guardian of others' welfare even as he leaves. By addressing the people as 'parama prabīn', he also honours their competence and gives them a role in the duty.
The limitless Brahma appears here as a son anxious for his mothers' comfort, so the formless is fully present in a tender, personal form. His 'birah' (separation) is what makes the mothers 'dukh dīn', which shows that the manifest form is where devotees' love rests, and Rama places their consolation in the care of the community.
Rama, about to depart for the forest, turns to the citizens of Ayodhya and asks them to take whatever measures are needed so that his mothers are not plunged into wretched grief at his separation. He addresses them as 'parama prabīn', most skilled and wise, honouring their ability while entrusting them with the duty. The commentators see in this the tenderness of an ideal son and the mark of a ruler who thinks of others' sorrow before his own. The request also spreads the responsibility for the grieving across the community, which is a feature of Ramrajya.
Doha (13/11 matras per line pair, i.e. each line 13 + 11), rhyming at the line ends: 'dīn' and 'prabīn'. Short syllables and the nasal in 'birahaṁ' and 'jehiṁ' are counted by the usual recitation convention.
Anuprasa (alliteration and sound-echo) in 'dukh dīn' and in the repeated 'sa', 'ma' and 'pa' sounds of 'sakal', 'mātu', 'mora', 'parama' and 'pur'. Vakrokti or indirect persuasion: praising the citizens as 'parama prabīn' makes the request easier to accept. Sambodhana (direct address): 'tumha... sab pur jan'. Pada-maitri (verbal harmony) between the line-end rhymes 'dīn' and 'prabīn'.
The verse sits within Vishishtadvaita as Tulsidas reads it. The Lord enters real human relationships, feels the weight of filial duty and shows the sorrow of those bound to His manifest form as real. His concern is for the grief of the devotees and family, not for His own hardship.
Raga Bhairavi, for its tender, pleading and pathos-filled mood, which suits a son's anxious request on the eve of parting.
मातु | सकल | मोरे | बिरहँ | जेहिं | न | होहिं | दुख | दीन |
सोइ | उपाउ | तुम्ह | करेहु | सब | पुर-जन | परम | प्रबीन ||
राम कहते हैं कि उनके वियोग में उनकी सभी माताएँ दुख से दीन न हों। वे पुरवासियों से कहते हैं कि वही उपाय करो जिससे माताओं को कष्ट न हो। इस प्रकार वे माताओं की देखभाल का दायित्व नगरवासियों को सौंपते हैं।
'परम प्रबीन' का अर्थ है अत्यंत कुशल और बुद्धिमान। इस प्रशंसा से राम पुरवासियों की क्षमता का सम्मान करते हैं और उन पर विश्वास जताते हैं। इससे उनका अनुरोध सहज और आदरपूर्ण हो जाता है, और लोग उसे कर्तव्य के रूप में स्वीकार करते हैं।
यह दोहा दिखाता है कि शोकग्रस्त और असहाय की देखभाल पूरे समाज का दायित्व है। राम स्वयं वन जाते हुए भी दूसरों के दुख की चिंता करते हैं। यही लोकहितकारी मर्यादा और करुणा रामराज्य की पहचान है।
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