Valmiki Ramayana 2.93.10: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 93, Shloka 10

चित्रकूटमार्गवर्णनम् · Bharata’s Army Reaches Chitrakuta and Searches for Rama

Devanagari script

मुञ्चन्ति कुसुमान्येते नगाः पर्वतसानुषु ।

नीला इवातपापाये तोयं तोयधरा घनाः ॥१०॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.93.10

Transliteration

muñcanti kusumāny ete nagāḥ parvatasānuṣu |

nīlā ivātapāpāye toyaṃ toyadharā ghanāḥ ||10||

Translation

पहाड़ के ऊपर पेड़ हैं, वो फूल गिरा रहे हैं। जैसे बारिश के बादल पानी बरसा रहे हों। इतने घने कि नीले लग रहे हैं।

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Word by Word

• मुञ्चन्ति: they release, shed
• मुञ्चन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• कुसुमानि: flowers
• कुसुमानि: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुसुम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन (Plural)

• एते: these
• एते: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण नगाः

• नगाः: trees
• नगाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• पर्वतसानुषु: on the mountain ridges
• पर्वतसानुषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वत + सानु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः: पर्वत-सानु (तत्पुरुष; ‘mountain-ridges’); नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी (Locative/7th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• नीलाः: blue/dark
• नीलाः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नील (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण घनाः/तोयधराः

• इव: like, as
• इव: Upamana-marker (उपमान-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमानवाचक-अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• आतपापाये: at the end of heat (end of summer)
• आतपापाये: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time-location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आतप + अपाय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः: आतप-अपाय (तत्पुरुष; ‘cessation of heat’); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन (Singular)

• तोयम्: water (rain)
• तोयम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तोय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• तोयधराः: rain-clouds (water-bearers)
• तोयधराः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तोय + धर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः: तोय-धर (तत्पुरुष; ‘water-bearers’); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• घनाः: dense masses (clouds)
• घनाः: Apposition/Visheshana (समनाधिकरण/विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: घन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); तोयधराः इत्यस्य विशेषण/समनाधिकरण

Context

The trees on the mountain ridges are shedding flowers, like dense blue rain-clouds showering water at the end of summer.

Characters & Entities

• mountain slopes (parvata-sānu)
• trees (nagāḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is suggested through harmony with nature: the epic frames the journey in a world where natural beauty accompanies righteous purpose, encouraging sensitivity rather than domination.

What is the narrative situation?

During the march, the narrator describes mountain trees shedding blossoms in a vivid cloud-and-rain simile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Attentiveness and aesthetic reverence—seeing the world carefully, not merely using it as a backdrop for ambition.