Valmiki Ramayana 2.75.44: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 44

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya · Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Spoken by BharataSetting: Ayodhyā (implied court/city setting during Bharata’s reaction)

Devanagari script

उभे सन्ध्ये शयानस्य यत्पापं परिकल्प्यते ।

तच्चपापं भवेत्तस्य यस्यार्योऽनुमते गतः ॥४४॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.75.44

Transliteration

ubhe sandhye śayānasya yat pāpaṃ parikalpyate |

tac ca pāpaṃ bhavet tasya yasyāryo 'numate gataḥ ||44||

Translation

जिस आदमी की मर्ज़ी से मेरा बड़ा भाई वनवास गया, उसपर वो पाप लगेगा जो सुबह शाम दोनों टाइम पूजा ना करने वाले पर लगता है। जब सूरज उगता है और जब ढलता है, उस टाइम सोने वाले का बड़ा पाप होता है। वही पाप उसके सर पर आए।

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Word by Word

• ubhe: both
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ubha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Dual (द्विवचन); qualifies sandhye
• Role: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)

• sandhye: twilights (dawn and dusk)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sandhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Dual (द्विवचन)
• Role: Karma (कर्म)

• śayānasya: of one sleeping
• Type: Verb
• Root: śī (धातु)
• Form: Present middle participle (कृत्: शानच्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); 'of one who is lying/sleeping'
• Role: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)

• yat: whatever
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); correlates with tat
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• pāpam: sin
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• parikalpyate: is determined
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari+klp (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपदम); passive-like sense 'is determined/assigned'
• Role: Kriya (क्रिया)

• tat: that
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); correlates with yat
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• ca: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय)
• Role: Samuccaya (समुच्चयः)

• pāpam: sin
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• bhavet: may be/shall be
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपदम)
• Role: Kriya (क्रिया)

• tasya: for him/of him
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
• Role: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)

• yasya: whose
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
• Role: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)

• āryaḥ: the noble one
• Type: Noun
• Root: ārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• anumate: with approval
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu+man (धातु)
• Form: Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन) of 'anumata' (कृत्: क्त) used adverbially: 'with consent'
• Role: Hetu (हेतुः)

• gataḥ: gone (exiled)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (कृत्: क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
• Role: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)

Sandhi Notes

• यत्पापम् = yat + pāpam
• तच्च = tat + ca
• भवेत्तस्य = bhavet + tasya
• यस्यार्योऽनुमते = yasya + āryaḥ + anumate

Context

May the one who counselled the exile of my esteemed brother acquire the extent of demerit fixed for a person, who sleeps at the hour of twilight of dawn and dusk!

The teaching

Consent to adharma incurs moral liability; negligence of sacred duties (sandhyā) is emblematic of spiritual fall.

Duties in tension

• Loyalty to elder brother and truth of dharma
• Obedience to royal decision/authority structures
• Restraint in speech vs righteous condemnation of adharma

Ethical theme

Responsibility/complicity (anumati-doṣa)

How it resolves

Imprecation as moral protest; reaffirmation of Rāma’s righteousness

For your practice

Reminder to honor sandhyā practices and avoid pramāda; cultivate accountability for one’s approvals and endorsements.

Mood and themes

Rasa

Raudra (fury), with Karuna (compassion)

Mood

Imprecatory, burning, aggrieved

Themes

• Dharma
• Sandhyā (ritual duty)
• Ethics
• Itihasa

Symbolism

Cross references

Meter and recitation

Characters & Entities

• Rama (āryaḥ, implied)
• Bharata (speaker, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is linked to disciplined observance of sacred duties; neglect of sandhyā-time responsibilities symbolizes moral negligence.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata intensifies his denunciation by invoking well-known ritual-moral categories of fault.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Reverence for dharma as lived practice—Bharata’s worldview treats ethical failure as inseparable from neglect of duty.