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Valmiki Ramayana 2.28.12: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 28, Shloka 12

सीतानिवर्तनप्रयत्नः · Rama’s Attempt to Dissuade Sita from Forest Exile

अहोरात्रं च सन्तोषः कर्तव्यो नियतात्मना ।

फलैर्वृक्षावपतितै स्सीते दुःखमतो वनम् ॥१२॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.28.12

ahorātraṁ ca santoṣaḥ kartavyo niyatātmanā |

phalair vṛkṣāvapatitaiḥ sīte duḥkham ato vanam ||12||

सीता, दिन और रात खुश रहना पड़ता है। अपने आप को कंट्रोल में रखना पड़ता है। खाना भी वो फल मिलते हैं जो पेड़ से गिरते हैं। इसलिए वन में रहना दुख होता है।

अहोरात्रम्day and night
अहोरात्रम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहः-रात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वन्द्व-समास (day+night) नपुंसक-एकवचन-द्वितीया रूपेण अव्ययीभाववत् क्रियाविशेषणम्: “day and night”
चand
च:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; conjunction
सन्तोषःcontentment
सन्तोषः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसन्तोष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.)
कर्तव्यःmust be practiced
कर्तव्यः:
Vidhi/Predicate (विधि/विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formतव्यत्-प्रत्यय (gerundive/obligative), पुल्लिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.); “to be done/should be practiced”; ‘सन्तोषः’ विधेय-विशेषणम्
नियतात्मनाby the self-controlled person
नियतात्मना:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootनियत-आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग (m.), तृतीया (Instr./करण), एकवचन (sg.); “by one whose self/senses are controlled”
फलैःwith fruits
फलैः:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootफल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), तृतीया (Instr.), बहुवचन (pl.)
वृक्षावपतितैःfallen from trees
वृक्षावपतितैः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवृक्ष-अवपतित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), तृतीया (Instr.), बहुवचन (pl.); ‘फलैः’ विशेषणम्; ‘अवपतित’ = अव-पत् (धातु) क्त (fallen down)
सीतेO Sita
सीते:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootसीता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), सम्बोधन (Voc.), एकवचन (sg.)
दुःखम्suffering
दुःखम्:
Predicate (विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.); predicate
अतःtherefore
अतः:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; therefore
वनम्forest (life)
वनम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (sg.)

With the senses under control night and day, O Sita, one must be satisfied with the fruits fallen from trees. Therefore, forest life is full of suffering.

R
Rāma
S
Sītā
V
vana (forest)
V
vṛkṣa (trees)
P
phala (fruits)

FAQs

The verse teaches disciplined contentment (santoṣa) as dharma: righteous living includes restraint and acceptance of minimal sustenance without complaint.

Rāma explains that forest life demands constant self-control and simple living, discouraging Sītā from choosing hardship lightly.

Ascetic discipline—self-restraint and contentment under scarcity.

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