Valmiki Ramayana 2.113.4: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 113, Shloka 4

पादुकाप्रदानं भरतस्य निवृत्तिश्च

The Sandals Bestowed; Bharata’s Return Toward Ayodhya

Setting: Along the flank of CitrakūṭaPlaces named: CitrakūṭaSkirting the mountain en route to hermitage region

Devanagari script

पश्यन्धातुसहस्राणि रम्याणि विविधानि च ।

प्रययौ तस्य पार्श्वेन ससैन्यो भरतस्तदा ॥४॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.113.4

Transliteration

paśyan dhātusahasrāṇi ramyāṇi vividhāni ca |

prayayau tasya pārśvena sasainyo bharatas tadā ||4||

Translation

Modern Hindi

भरत देख रहा था, पहाड़ में कितने सारे पत्थर हैं। अलग-अलग रंग के, अलग-अलग तरह के। सब सुंदर लग रहे थे। फिर वो अपनी सेना के साथ पहाड़ के पास से आगे बढ़ गया।

Ask anything about this verse...Ask

Word by Word

• पश्यन्: seeing/beholding
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दृश् (धातु) → पश्यत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle, शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचन; कर्तृसमनाधिकरण (while seeing)
• Role: कर्ता-विशेषण (Agent participle)

• धातुसहस्राणि: thousands of minerals
• Type: Noun
• Root: धातु + सहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (धातूनां सहस्राणि)
• Role: कर्म (Object of seeing)
• Compound: Tatpurusha

• रम्याणि: beautiful
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; बहुवचन; विशेषण (beautiful)
• Role: कर्म-विशेषण

• विविधानि: various
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विविध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; बहुवचन; विशेषण (various)
• Role: कर्म-विशेषण

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)
• Role: सम्बन्ध (Conjunction)

• प्रययौ: went
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + या (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect); प्रथम-पुरुष; एकवचन; परस्मैपद
• Role: क्रिया (Verb)

• तस्य: of that (mountain)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति; एकवचन; सर्वनाम
• Role: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)

• पार्श्वेन: by the side
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्श्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd); एकवचन
• Role: करण/मार्ग (Instrumental; along/by the side)

• ससैन्यः: with (his) army
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + सैन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (सैन्यं सह यस्य)
• Role: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Compound: Bahuvrihi

• भरतः: Bharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति; एकवचन
• Role: कर्ता (Subject)

• तदा: then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (then)
• Role: कालाधिकरण (Temporal adverb)

Sandhi Notes

• पश्यन् + धातु..
• = पश्यन्धातु..
• (न् + ध = न्ध)

Context

Beholding a thousand varieties of beautiful minerals, Bharata with his army proceeded alongside the mountain.

The teaching

Beauty and abundance on the path need not distract; the wise observe without losing purpose.

Ethical theme

Self-mastery/indriya-nigraha

For your practice

Practice of mindful seeing—letting wonder arise without attachment.

Mood and themes

Rasa

Adbhuta (wonder), with Shanta (peace)

Mood

Awe-struck, observant, majestic

Themes

• Dharma
• Itihasa
• Kingship
• Ethics
• Nature

Symbolism

Relationships

Cross references

Meter and recitation

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Citrakūṭa (implied mountain context)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is steadiness of purpose: even amid the allure of prosperity (rich minerals), Bharata continues onward, prioritizing duty over distraction.

What is the narrative situation?

The army marches by the mountain; Bharata observes the landscape’s natural wealth while continuing the journey.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Single-minded duty (kartavya-niṣṭhā)—moving forward without being diverted by material fascination.