Valmiki Ramayana 2.105.39: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 105, Shloka 39

भरतस्य प्रार्थना · रामस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Bharata’s Petition and Rama’s Instruction on Time and Mortality

Spoken by Bharata to ŚatrughnaSetting: Ayodhyā (implied)

Devanagari script

एते बहुविधा शोका विलापरुदिते तथा ।

वर्जनीया हि धीरेण सर्वावस्थासु धीमता ॥३९॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.105.39

Transliteration

ete bahuvidhāḥ śokā vilāparudite tathā |

varjanīyā hi dhīreṇa sarvāvasthāsu dhīmatā ||39||

Translation

जो लोग बड़े समझदार होते हैं, वो हर हाल में दुख दूर रखते हैं। रोना, चिल्लाना, यह सब छोड़ देना चाहिए।

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Word by Word

• एते: these
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
• Role: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)

• बहुविधाः: many kinds of
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहुविध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (शोकाः)
• Role: कर्ता (Karta/Subject qualifier)
• Compound: Karmadharaya

• शोकाः: griefs
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
• Role: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)

• विलापरुदिते: lamentation and weeping
• Type: Noun
• Root: विलाप + रुदित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (विलापश्च रुदितं च); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, द्विवचन (Dual) (epic usage; as 'lamentation and crying')
• Role: अनुयोगी/समुच्चित (co-ordinated item with śokāḥ)
• Compound: Dvandva

• तथा: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: likewise/also)
• Role: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial)

• वर्जनीयाः: should be avoided
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृज्/वर्ज् (धातु) + अनीयर् (कृदन्त)
• Form: अनीयर्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive: 'to be avoided'), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विधेय-विशेषणम् (of एते शोकाः)
• Role: विधेय (predicate adjective)

• हि: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निश्चयार्थक-निपात
• Role: निपात (particle)

• धीरेण: by the steadfast (person)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; कर्तृवाचक (by the steadfast one)
• Role: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; agent-instrumental)

• सर्वावस्थासु: in all situations
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व + अवस्था (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (सर्वासु अवस्थासु); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन
• Role: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Compound: Tatpurusha

• धीमता: by the wise (man)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धीमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; कर्तृवाचक (by the wise one)
• Role: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; agent-instrumental)

Sandhi Notes

• सर्वावस्थासु = सर्व + अवस्थासु
• बहुविधा शोका (पाठे श्शोकाः) = बहुविधाः + शोकाः (ः + श → श्श)

Context

A wise man, holding on to his fortitude in all circumstances, should avoid such occasions of grief, these words of lamentation and this crying.

The teaching

For the dhīra and dhīmat, grief, lamentation, and weeping are to be avoided in every condition.

Duties in tension

• Natural human grief vs. disciplined steadiness in all circumstances
• Expression of sorrow vs. self-control required of the wise/royal

Ethical theme

Dama/śama (self-control) / rājadharma composure

How it resolves

Normative injunction (avoidance of grief behaviors)

For your practice

Daily practice of emotional regulation; supports japa/meditation by reducing agitation.

Mood and themes

Rasa

Shanta (peace)

Mood

Stoic, disciplined, unshaken

Themes

• Dharma
• Ethics
• Stoic-Fortitude
• Emotional-Discipline
• Itihasa

Symbolism

Relationships

Cross references

Meter and recitation

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma demands steadiness: the wise restrain excessive sorrow and lament, maintaining clarity to fulfill duty even amid loss.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata generalizes his counsel into a principle: wise persons avoid indulgence in grief and crying.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Dhairya (fortitude) and dhī (discernment): emotional discipline as a mark of wisdom.