Valmiki Ramayana 2.105.11: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 105, Shloka 11

भरतस्य प्रार्थना · रामस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Bharata’s Petition and Rama’s Instruction on Time and Mortality

Spoken by Bharata to RamaSetting: अयोध्या

Devanagari script

श्रेणयस्त्वां महाराज पश्यन्त्वग्य्राश्च सर्वशः ।

प्रतपन्तमिवादित्यं राज्ये स्थित मरिन्दमम् ॥११॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.105.11

Transliteration

śreṇayas tvāṃ mahā-rāja paśyantv agryāś ca sarvaśaḥ |

pratapantam ivādityaṃ rājy-e sthitam arin-damam ||11||

Translation

महाराज, आप दुश्मनों को हराने वाले हैं। आपकी राज्य में सब बड़े बड़े लोग और दुकानदार आपको देखें, जैसे सूरज चमकता है वैसे आप चमकें।

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Word by Word

• śreṇayaḥ: guilds/companies
• Type: Noun
• Root: śreṇi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• tu: indeed/and (emphatic)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थक (emphatic/contrastive)
• Role: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)

• tvām: you
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Pronoun), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
• Role: Karma (कर्म)

• mahārāja: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā-rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular); समासः कर्मधारय (महान् चासौ राजा)
• Role: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Compound: Karmadharaya

• paśyantu: let (them) see
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (दृश्) (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)
• Role: Kriya (क्रिया)

• agryāḥ: the foremost/leaders
• Type: Adjective
• Root: agrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण (qualifier)
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• ca: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
• Role: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)

• sarvaśaḥ: everywhere/on all sides
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sarvaśas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
• Role: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)

• pratapantam: shining/blazing
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√tap (तप्) (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
• Role: Karma (कर्म)

• iva: like/as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमा-वाचक (comparative particle)
• Role: Sambandha (उपमान-सम्बन्ध)

• ādityam: the Sun
• Type: Noun
• Root: āditya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
• Role: Upamana (उपमान)

• rājye: in the kingdom
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)
• Role: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)

• sthitam: placed/installed
• Type: Verb
• Root: √sthā (स्था) (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (Past passive participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
• Role: Karma (कर्म)

• arindamam: subduer of enemies
• Type: Noun
• Root: ari-dama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (अरिणां दमः = subduer of enemies)
• Role: Karma (कर्म)
• Compound: Tatpurusha

Sandhi Notes

• śreṇayaḥ + tu + tvām → śreṇayastvāṃ
• paśyantu + agryāḥ + ca → paśyantvagryāśca
• pratapantam + iva + ādityam → pratapantamivādityam
• rājye + sthitam → rājye sthitam (no further sandhi)
• ari-damam → arindamam (n→nd assimilation in recitation)

Context

O great king and subduer of enemies, may all the leading guilds of traders and other subjects behold you all over installed in the kingdom like the resplendent Sun.

The teaching

Ethical theme

राजधर्म/लोक-व्यवस्था

Devotion and practice

तेजस्-ध्यान (सूर्य-प्रतीक) द्वारा आत्म-स्थैर्य व कर्तव्य-प्रेरणा

Form of praise

Stuti (a hymn of praise)

Mood and themes

Rasa

Vira (heroism), with Adbhuta (wonder)

Mood

Majestic, legitimizing, radiant

Themes

• Dharma
• Rajadharma
• Public Welfare
• Satya
• Kingship

Symbolism

Cross references

Meter and recitation

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Bharata
• Kingdom of Ayodhya
• Sun (Āditya)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rajadharma is public-facing: a righteous king’s legitimacy is affirmed by social bodies (guilds, leaders) who thrive under just order.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata envisions the public joy and social recognition that would follow Rāma’s installation as king.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s ideal kingship is highlighted indirectly—his presence is compared to the sun’s life-giving splendor.