Atharva Veda 20.85.2: Kanda 20, Anuvaka 9, Sukta 85, Mantra 2

Sukta 85

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

अ॒व॒क्र॒क्षिणं॑ वृष॒भं य॑था॒जुरं॒ गां न च॑र्षणी॒सह॑म्। वि॒द्वेष॑णं सं॒वन॑नोभयंक॒रं मंहि॑ष्ठमुभया॒विन॑म्

Recitation with translationAtharva Veda 20.85.2

IAST Transliteration

avakrakṣíṇaṃ vṛṣabháṃ yathā́juraṃ gā́m ná carṣaṇī-sáham | vidvéṣaṇaṃ saṃváṇanobhayáṃkaraṃ maṃhíṣṭham ubhayā́vinam ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Him, the side-glancing Bull, enduring as with age; like a cow, overpowering the peoples—stirrer of enmity, uniter, making both sides fear, most bounteous, helper in either wise.

Translation

यह इंद्र बिल्कुल बैल जैसा है, आँखों से देखता है। बूढ़े के जैसा स्थिर है, और गाय के जैसा शक्तिशाली। दुश्मनी फैलाता है, दोनों तरफ काम करता है, सबको डरता है, और बहुत देनेवाला है।

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Word by Word

• अवक्रक्षिणम्: (the bull) ‘not croaking/crying out’, i.e., firm-voiced/steadfast (epithet)
• अवक्रक्षिणम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्) अथवा कर्मपदस्य विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अव-क्रक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक) ← √क्रक्ष्/क्रक्ष् (धातु; ‘to croak/cry out’, denom./intensive sense in lexica) with अव- उपसर्ग; adjective-stem अवक्रक्षिन्

• वृषभम्: bull
• वृषभम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)

• यथा: as, like
• यथा: सम्बन्ध/उपमान-निर्देश (यथार्थ-उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)

• अजुरम्: unaging, undecaying
• अजुरम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्) अथवा उपमानपदस्य विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अजुर (प्रातिपदिक; a- + जुर ‘aging/decaying’)

• गाम्: cow
• गाम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: not
• न: निषेध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• चर्षणीसहम्: able to withstand/overpower men; man-conquering
• चर्षणीसहम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्/गाम्; ‘people-enduring/overpowering’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चर्षणीसह (प्रातिपदिक; चर्षणी ‘people/men’ + सह ‘bearing/enduring’)

• विद्वेषणम्: hostility-causing; stirring up enmity
• विद्वेषणम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्) अथवा कर्मपदस्य विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विद्वेषण (प्रातिपदिक; √द्विष् ‘to hate’ → द्वेष; वि- + द्वेषण ‘causing hatred/hostility’)

• संवनन-उभयङ्करम्: uniting, and ‘making both (sides)’; producing effects on both sides
• संवनन-उभयङ्करम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: (1) संवनन (प्रातिपदिक; सम्- + √वन्/√वन् ‘to win/bring together’ → ‘uniting/bringing together’), (2) उभयङ्कर (प्रातिपदिक; उभयम् + कर ‘making’)

• मंहिष्ठम्: most mighty; strongest
• मंहिष्ठम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मंहिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; मंह ‘might/abundance’ + इष्ठ superlative)

• उभयाविनम्: helping/protecting both (sides); beneficial in both ways
• उभयाविनम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उभयाविन् (प्रातिपदिक; उभय + आविन् ‘helping/favoring/protecting’, from √अव् ‘to protect’)

Attribution

Rishi: RV-source seer (Indra praise tradition).

Devata: Indra

Chandas: RV-derived meter (per source)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: vira

Secondary: raudra